{"data":{"id":"us-al/ala.-code-12-21-61","jurisdiction":"us-al","citation":"Ala. Code § 12-21-61","heading":"Subscribing Witnesses - When Must Be Produced.","body":"The subscribing witness to prove execution of private documents must be produced in all cases except the following, unless otherwise specially provided:\n(1) Ancient writings which prove themselves;\n(2) If from any cause the witness cannot be produced or sworn;\n(3) Official bonds required by law to be approved or tested by a particular functionary;\n(4) If the paper is only incidentally or collaterally material to the case;\n(5) If the party executing the written instrument testifies to its execution; or\n(6) If the document is self-proving or properly acknowledged.","path":["Title 12 Courts.","Chapter 21 Evidence and Witnesses.","Article 1 General Provisions.","Division 1 Evidence.","Division 3 Authentication of Documents, Proof of Facts, Etc."],"source_url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=12-21-61","current_through":"Act 2026-611","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-03T14:01:52Z","sha256":"1179d28dadf2934ce6fbb7e1403a124f8ee14cda4625042f21d96ef1aa28cb3a","source_id":"us-al","stale":false,"prev":"us-al/ala.-code-12-21-60","next":"us-al/ala.-code-12-21-62"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}