{"data":{"id":"us-ca/civ-1659","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"CIV § 1659","heading":"","body":"Where all the parties who unite in a promise receive some benefit from the consideration, whether past or present, their promise is presumed to be joint and several.","path":["Civil Code - CIV","DIVISION 3. OBLIGATIONS [1427. - 3273.91.]","PART 2. CONTRACTS [1549. - 1701.]","TITLE 3. INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACTS [1635. - 1663.]"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"08cd45e64f1586434b323c97e2cbdc911fb80c9f406800a28522164c6db7fd7f","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/civ-1657.1","next":"us-ca/civ-1660"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}