{"data":{"id":"us-ca/civ-44","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"CIV § 44","heading":"","body":"Defamation is effected by either of the following:\n(a) Libel.\n(b) Slander.","path":["Civil Code - CIV","DIVISION 1. PERSONS [38. - 86.]","PART 2. PERSONAL RIGHTS [43. - 53.7.]"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"c4c3399f1aa820b99c54973328c10103e323120b4e0a2f3ee6a0cd5f0f61cac2","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/civ-43.102","next":"us-ca/civ-45"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}