{"data":{"id":"us-ca/com-8201","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"COM § 8201","heading":"","body":"(a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an “issuer” includes a person that does any of the following:\n(1) Places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation represented by the certificate.\n(2) Creates a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or undertakes an obligation, that is an uncertificated security.\n(3) Directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented by a security certificate.\n(4) Becomes responsible for, or in place of, another person described as an issuer in this section.\n(b) With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its obligation is noted on a security certificate.\n(c) With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.","path":["Commercial Code - COM","DIVISION 8. INVESTMENT SECURITIES [8101. - 8603.]","CHAPTER 2. Issue and Issuer [8201. - 8210.]"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"238c6958a0ff2a8516cfb63d255015679fb73795bb4a4398a23c736f8d30b20f","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/com-8116","next":"us-ca/com-8202"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}