{"data":{"id":"us-ca/evid-454","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"EVID § 454","heading":"","body":"(a) In determining the propriety of taking judicial notice of a matter, or the tenor thereof:\n(1) Any source of pertinent information, including the advice of persons learned in the subject matter, may be consulted or used, whether or not furnished by a party.\n(2) Exclusionary rules of evidence do not apply except for Section 352 and the rules of privilege.\n(b) Where the subject of judicial notice is the law of an organization of nations, a foreign nation, or a public entity in a foreign nation and the court resorts to the advice of persons learned in the subject matter, such advice, if not received in open court, shall be in writing.","path":["Evidence Code - EVID","DIVISION 4. JUDICIAL NOTICE [450. - 460.]"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"6c8ec72360b8feb4c80d2c7625ff101769bd32a39d41d9d4dbab48a8191326ca","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/evid-453","next":"us-ca/evid-455"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}