{"data":{"id":"us-ca/pen-1170.85","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"PEN § 1170.85","heading":"","body":"(a) Upon conviction of any felony assault or battery offense, it shall be considered a circumstance in aggravation of the crime in imposing a term under subdivision (b) of Section 1170 if the offense was committed to prevent or dissuade a person who is or may become a witness from attending upon or testifying at any trial, proceeding, or inquiry authorized by law, or if the offense was committed because the person provided assistance or information to a law enforcement officer, or to a public prosecutor in a criminal or juvenile court proceeding.\n(b) Upon conviction of any felony it shall be considered a circumstance in aggravation in imposing a term under subdivision (b) of Section 1170 if the victim of an offense is particularly vulnerable, or unable to defend himself or herself, due to age or significant disability.","path":["Penal Code - PEN","PART 2. OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE [681. - 1620.]","TITLE 7. OF PROCEEDINGS AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE TRIAL AND BEFORE JUDGMENT [1065. - 1188.]","CHAPTER 4.5. Trial Court Sentencing [1170. - 1172.75.]","ARTICLE 1. Initial Sentencing [1170. - 1171.]"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"ad4ba7d54071f2ba3aafbe161c20e673a212efef0f374aec3d24eb62416f2d3e","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/pen-1170.84","next":"us-ca/pen-1170.86"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}