{"data":{"id":"us-ca/pen-241.8","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"PEN § 241.8","heading":"","body":"(a) Any person who commits an assault against a member of the United States Armed Forces because of the victim’s service in the United States Armed Forces shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), by imprisonment in a county jail for a period not exceeding one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.\n(b) “Because of” means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the assault, whether or not other causes exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the assault.","path":["Penal Code - PEN","PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25. - 680.4.]","TITLE 8. OF CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON [187. - 248.]","CHAPTER 9. Assault and Battery [240. - 248.]"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"017b8186120ae7de699d7adefab6fab13f59ddc685b5d591c6c1bdba55a304a3","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/pen-241.7","next":"us-ca/pen-242"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}