{"data":{"id":"us-ca/pen-422.55","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"PEN § 422.55","heading":"","body":"For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:\n(a) “Hate crime” means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:\n(1) Disability.\n(2) Gender.\n(3) Nationality.\n(4) Race or ethnicity.\n(5) Religion.\n(6) Sexual orientation.\n(7) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.\n(b) “Hate crime” includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6.","path":["Penal Code - PEN","PART 1. OF CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS [25. - 680.4.]","TITLE 11.6. CIVIL RIGHTS [422.55. - 422.94.]","CHAPTER 1. Definitions [422.55. - 422.57.]"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"5aa103929c678f7d46bc97ef1f84f43ad0f8e7d30c0582ad559dc2891d3000b8","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/pen-422.4","next":"us-ca/pen-422.56"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}