{"data":{"id":"us-ca/pen-689","jurisdiction":"us-ca","citation":"PEN § 689","heading":"","body":"No person can be convicted of a public offense unless by verdict of a jury, accepted and recorded by the court, by a finding of the court in a case where a jury has been waived, or by a plea of guilty.","path":["Penal Code - PEN","PART 2. OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE [681. - 1620.]","PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS"],"source_url":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","current_through":"2026-09-13","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T05:56:33Z","sha256":"6917e969f5d4845e0781f16860bcd9a8c936485934ef4efe9ae069b1152d546b","source_id":"us-ca","stale":false,"prev":"us-ca/pen-688.5","next":"us-ca/pen-690"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}