{"data":{"id":"us-dc/d.c.-code-16-2316","jurisdiction":"us-dc","citation":"D.C. Code § 16-2316","heading":"Conduct of hearings; evidence.","body":"(a)\nThe Division shall, without a jury, hear and adjudicate cases involving delinquency, need of supervision, or neglect. The Corporation Counsel shall present evidence in support of all petitions arising under this subchapter and otherwise represent the District of Columbia in all proceedings.\n\n(b)\nEvidence which is competent, material, and relevant shall be admissible at factfinding hearings. Evidence which is material and relevant shall be admissible at detention hearings, transfer hearings under section 16-2307, and dispositional hearings.\n\n(c)\nWhere the petition alleges a child is a neglected child by reason of abuse, evidence of illness or injury to a child who was in the custody of his or her parent, guardian, or custodian for which the parent, guardian or custodian can give no satisfactory explanation shall be sufficient to justify an inference of neglect.\n\n(d)\n(1)\nWhere the petition alleges a child is abandoned as referred to in section 16-2301(9)(A), as amended by this act, the following evidence shall be sufficient to justify an inference of neglect:\n(A)\nthe child is a foundling whose parents have made no effort to maintain a parental relationship with the child and reasonable efforts have been made to identify the child and to locate the parents for a period of at least four (4) weeks since the child was found;\n(B)\nthe child’s parent gave a false identity at the time of the child’s birth, since then has made no effort to maintain a parental relationship with the child and reasonable efforts have been made to locate the parent for a period of at least four (4) weeks since his or her disappearance;\n(C)\nthe child’s parent, guardian or custodian is known but has abandoned the child in that he or she has made no reasonable effort to maintain a parental relationship with the child for a period of at least four (4) months; or\n(D)\nthe child has resided in a hospital located in the District of Columbia for at least 10 calendar days following the birth of the child, despite a medical determination that the child was ready for discharge from the hospital, and the parent, guardian, or custodian of the child did not undertake any action or make any effort to maintain a parental, guardianship, or custodial relationship or contact with the child.\n(2)\nIt shall not be necessary to prove that the parent, guardian or custodian intended to abandon the child or that he or she is now dead. However, if the judge is satisfied that there was a satisfactory explanation for the abandonment he or she need not enter a finding of neglect.\n\n(e)\n(1)\nAll hearings and proceedings under this subchapter shall be recorded by appropriate means.\n(2)\nExcept in hearings to declare an adult in contempt of court, the general public shall be excluded from hearings arising under this subchapter.\n(3)\nExcept as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, only persons necessary to the proceedings shall be admitted, but the Division may, pursuant to rule of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, after providing the Attorney General and respondent's counsel in a delinquency or PINS matter or the Attorney General and the guardian ad litem in a neglect matter with notice and the opportunity to be heard regarding the admission of non-necessary persons, admit such other persons (including members of the press) as have a proper interest in the case or the work of the court on condition that they refrain from divulging information identifying the child or members of the child’s family involved in the proceedings.\n(4)\nIn cases involving delinquency proceedings, the victims and eyewitnesses and the immediate family members and custodians of the victims and eyewitnesses shall have a right to attend any transfer, plea, factfinding, disposition, or post-disposition hearing, subject to the rule on witnesses. Immediate family members and custodians of the victims and eyewitnesses shall have a right to be present during the victims’ or eyewitnesses’ testimony.\n(5)\nAny person who by virtue of this subsection attends a transfer, plea, factfinding, disposition, or post-disposition hearing shall be bound by the confidentiality requirements of sections 16-2331, 16-2332, and 16-2333, and shall be informed by the Division of these confidentiality requirements and the penalties for their violation as set out in section 16-2336.\n\n(f)\nIf the Division finds that it is in the best interest of the child, it may temporarily exclude him from any proceeding except a factfinding hearing. If the petition alleges neglect, the child may also be temporarily excluded from a factfinding hearing. In any case, counsel for the child may not be excluded.","path":["Title 16. Particular Actions, Proceedings and Matters. [Enacted title]","Chapter 23. Family Division [Family Court] Proceedings.","Subchapter I. Proceedings Regarding Delinquency, Neglect, or Need of Supervision."],"source_url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/16-2316","current_through":"2026-08-20 (D.C. Law 26-175)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-29T05:44:07Z","sha256":"e896da5f8914fcc9ec7487c0d100858f0619c6ad5eec608bf323c2e5d606423e","source_id":"us-dc","stale":false,"prev":"us-dc/d.c.-code-16-2315","next":"us-dc/d.c.-code-16-2316.01"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}