{"data":{"id":"us-dc/d.c.-code-28-4504","jurisdiction":"us-dc","citation":"D.C. Code § 28-4504","heading":"Exclusions.","body":"(a)\nLabor of a human being is not a commodity or an article of commerce. Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to forbid the existence and operation of labor, agricultural or horticultural organizations, instituted for the purpose of mutual help, and not having capital stock or conducted for profit, or to forbid or restrain individual members of such organizations from lawfully carrying out the legitimate objects thereof; nor shall such organizations, or the members thereof, be held or construed to be illegal combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade.\n\n(b)\nThis chapter does not make illegal the activity of:\n(1)\nany non-profit corporation, trust, or organization established exclusively for religious, charitable, literary, or educational purposes to the extent that the activity is religious, charitable, literary, or educational; or\n(2)\nthe Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.","path":["Title 28. Commercial Instruments and Transactions. [Enacted title]","Chapter 45. Restraints of Trade."],"source_url":"https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/28-4504","current_through":"2026-08-20 (D.C. Law 26-175)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-29T05:44:07Z","sha256":"c19682a35c0e17cc749f537e9d35cb9f338f399863ba34f9fe23ebc691c92795","source_id":"us-dc","stale":false,"prev":"us-dc/d.c.-code-28-4503","next":"us-dc/d.c.-code-28-4505"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}