{"data":{"id":"us-gu/21-gca-33117","jurisdiction":"us-gu","citation":"21 GCA § 33117","heading":"Handwriting Generally.","body":"The execution of an instrument may be established by proof of the handwriting of the party and of a subscribing witness, if there is one, in the following cases:\n(a) When the parties and all the subscribing witnesses are dead; or,\n(b) When the parties and all the subscribing witnesses are nonresidents of Guam; or,\n(c) When the place of their residence is unknown to the party desiring the proof, and cannot be ascertained by the exercise of due diligence; or,\n(d) When the subscribing witness conceals himself, or cannot be found by the officer by the exercise of due diligence in attempting to serve the subpoena or attachment; or,\n(e) In case of the continued failure or refusal of the witness to testify, for the space of one hour, after his appearance.","path":["Title 21: Real Property","Division 1 - Ownership of Real or Immovable Property","Chapter 33: Proof and Acknowledgments of Instruments"],"source_url":"https://col.guamcourts.gov/sites/default/files/21gc033.pdf","current_through":"P.L. 38-133 (June 4, 2026)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-27T04:11:08Z","sha256":"7e10d6b71422e5363573b6ab983b62ca4c474248716d214f8e51dc4a32f4071d","source_id":"us-gu","stale":false,"prev":"us-gu/21-gca-33116","next":"us-gu/21-gca-33118"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}