{"data":{"id":"us-ma/mass.-gen.-laws-ch.-106-8-201","jurisdiction":"us-ma","citation":"Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 8-201","heading":"Issuer","body":"Section 8–201. (a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an ''issuer'' includes a person that:\n(1) places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation represented by the certificate;\n(2) creates a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or undertakes an obligation, that is an uncertificated security;\n(3) directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented by a security certificate; or\n(4) becomes responsible for, or in place of, another person described as an issuer in this section.\n(b) With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its obligation is noted on a security certificate.\n(c) With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.","path":["Part I","Title XV","Chapter 106","Article 8"],"source_url":"https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXV/Chapter106/Section8-201","current_through":"amendments passed before May 31, 2026","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-17T05:22:28Z","sha256":"de586dad8a24aa7f5a275deb5a87b4e1f447e164da0b924eb5fe0af9b0dd888e","source_id":"us-ma","stale":false,"prev":"us-ma/mass.-gen.-laws-ch.-106-8-116","next":"us-ma/mass.-gen.-laws-ch.-106-8-202"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}