{"data":{"id":"us-mi/mich.-comp.-laws-600.113","jurisdiction":"us-mi","citation":"Mich. Comp. Laws § 600.113","heading":"Definitions; provisions governing traffic or parking violation or municipal civil infraction action; determination by preponderance of evidence.","body":"Sec. 113.\n\n(1) As used in this act:\n\n(a) \"Civil infraction\" means an act or omission that is prohibited by a law and is not a crime under that law or that is prohibited by an ordinance, as defined in section 8701, and is not a crime under that ordinance, and for which civil sanctions may be ordered. Civil infraction includes, but is not limited to, the following:\n\n( i ) A violation of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.1 to 257.923, designated as a civil infraction.\n\n( ii ) A violation of a city, township, or village ordinance substantially corresponding to a provision of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.1 to 257.923, if the ordinance designates the violation as a civil infraction.\n\n( iii ) A violation of an ordinance adopted under 1969 PA 235, MCL 257.941 to 257.943.\n\n( iv ) A violation of a city, township, or village ordinance adopting the uniform traffic code promulgated under 1956 PA 62, MCL 257.951 to 257.955, if the uniform traffic code designates the violation as a civil infraction.\n\n( v ) A violation of an ordinance adopted by the governing board of a state university or college under 1967 PA 291, MCL 390.891 to 390.893, if the ordinance designates the violation as a civil infraction.\n\n( vi ) A violation of regulations adopted by a county board of commissioners under 1945 PA 58, MCL 46.201.\n\n( vii ) A municipal civil infraction.\n\n( viii ) A state civil infraction.\n\n( ix ) A violation of the pupil transportation act, 1990 PA 187, MCL 257.1801 to 257.1877, designated as a civil infraction.\n\n(b) \"Civil infraction action\" means a civil action in which the defendant is alleged to be responsible for a civil infraction.\n\n(c) \"Municipal civil infraction\" means a civil infraction involving a violation of an ordinance, as defined in section 8701. Municipal civil infraction includes, but is not limited to, a trailway municipal civil infraction. Municipal civil infraction does not include a violation described in subdivision (a)( i ) to ( vi ) or ( ix ) or any act or omission that constitutes a crime under any of the following:\n\n( i ) Article 7 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7101 to 333.7545.\n\n( ii ) The Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.1 to 750.568.\n\n( iii ) The Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.1 to 257.923.\n\n( iv ) The Michigan liquor control code of 1998, 1998 PA 58, MCL 436.1101 to 436.2303.\n\n( v ) Part 801 of the natural resources and environmental protection act, 1994 PA 451, MCL 324.80101 to 324.80199.\n\n( vi ) The aeronautics code of the state of Michigan, 1945 PA 327, MCL 259.1 to 259.208.\n\n( vii ) Part 821 of the natural resources and environmental protection act, 1994 PA 451, MCL 324.82101 to 324.82161.\n\n( viii ) Part 811 of the natural resources and environmental protection act, 1994 PA 451, MCL 324.81101 to 324.81151.\n\n( ix ) The railroad code of 1993, 1993 PA 354, MCL 462.101 to 462.451.\n\n( x ) Any law of this state under which the act or omission is punishable by imprisonment for more than 90 days.\n\n(d) \"Municipal civil infraction action\" means a civil action in which the defendant is alleged to be responsible for a municipal civil infraction. Municipal civil infraction action includes, but is not limited to, a trailway municipal civil infraction action.\n\n(e) \"State civil infraction\" means a civil infraction involving either of the following:\n\n( i ) A violation of state law that is designated by statute as a state civil infraction.\n\n( ii ) A violation of a city, township, village, or county ordinance that is designated by statute as a state civil infraction.\n\n(f) \"State civil infraction action\" means a civil action in which the defendant is alleged to be responsible for a state civil infraction.\n\n(g) \"Trailway municipal civil infraction\" means a municipal civil infraction involving the operation of a vehicle on a recreational trailway at a time, in a place, or in a manner prohibited by ordinance.\nt is designated by statute as a state civil infraction.\n\n(f) \"State civil infraction action\" means a civil action in which the defendant is alleged to be responsible for a state civil infraction.\n\n(g) \"Trailway municipal civil infraction\" means a municipal civil infraction involving the operation of a vehicle on a recreational trailway at a time, in a place, or in a manner prohibited by ordinance.\n\n(h) \"Trailway municipal civil infraction action\" means a civil infraction action in which the defendant is alleged to be responsible for a trailway municipal civil infraction.\n\n(2) Except as otherwise provided in this act:\n\n(a) A civil infraction action involving a traffic or parking violation is governed by the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257.1 to 257.923.\n\n(b) A municipal civil infraction action is governed by chapter 87.\n\n(c) A state civil infraction action is governed by chapter 88.\n\n(3) A determination that a defendant is responsible for a civil infraction and thus subject to civil sanctions shall be by a preponderance of the evidence.","path":["MI Code","Chapter 600","Act Act-236-of-1961"],"source_url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-600-113","current_through":"2026-08-14","vintage":"open-us-law v2026.08, retrieved 2026-09-14","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T18:32:31Z","sha256":"8e95a120dc6729a898fd3420c3aaf319e4e7cea244b43d024e6e38b5e91fb874","source_id":"us-mi","stale":false,"prev":"us-mi/mich.-comp.-laws-600.1129","next":"us-mi/mich.-comp.-laws-600.1130"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}