{"data":{"id":"us-nc/n.c.-gen.-stat.-8c-1-rule-901","jurisdiction":"us-nc","citation":"N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 901","heading":"Requirement of authentication or identification.","body":"(a)\tGeneral provision. - The requirement of authentication or identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what its proponent claims.\n(b)\tIllustrations. - By way of illustration only, and not by way of limitation, the following are examples of authentication or identification conforming with the requirements of this rule:\n(1)\tTestimony of Witness with Knowledge. - Testimony that a matter is what it is claimed to be.\n(2)\tNonexpert Opinion on Handwriting. - Nonexpert opinion as to the genuineness of handwriting, based upon familiarity not acquired for purposes of the litigation.\n(3)\tComparison by Trier or Expert Witness. - Comparison by the trier of fact or by expert witnesses with specimens which have been authenticated.\n(4)\tDistinctive Characteristics and the Like. - Appearance, contents, substance, internal patterns, or other distinctive characteristics, taken in conjunction with circumstances.\n(5)\tVoice Identification. - Identification of a voice, whether heard firsthand or through mechanical or electronic transmission or recording, by opinion based upon hearing the voice at any time under circumstances connecting it with the alleged speaker.\n(6)\tTelephone Conversations. - Telephone conversations, by evidence that a call was made to the number assigned at the time by the telephone company to a particular person or business, if (A) in the case of a person, circumstances, including self-identification, show the person answering to be the one called, or (B) in the case of a business, the call was made to a place of business and the conversation related to business reasonably transacted over the telephone.\n(7)\tPublic Records or Reports. - Evidence that a writing authorized by law to be recorded or filed and in fact recorded or filed in a public office, or a purported public record, report, statement, or data compilation, in any form, is from the public office where items of this nature are kept.\n(8)\tAncient Documents or Data Compilations. - Evidence that a document or data compilation, in any form, (A) is in such condition as to create no suspicion concerning its authenticity, (B) was in a place where it, if authentic, would likely be, and (C) has been in existence 20 years or more at the time it is offered.\n(9)\tProcess or System. - Evidence describing a process or system used to produce a result and showing that the process or system produces an accurate result.\n(10)\tMethods Provided by Statute. - Any method of authentication or identification provided by statute. (1983, c. 701, s. 1.)","path":["Chapter 8C. Evidence Code.","Article 9. Authentication and Identification."],"source_url":"https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_8C/GS_8C-1.html","current_through":"S.L. 2026-30","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T17:55:52Z","sha256":"e58986a50da50711ab085acb8618fbc8e63f4806c3c8566b6ac56f9f2a8f8b71","source_id":"us-nc","stale":false,"prev":"us-nc/n.c.-gen.-stat.-8c-1-rule-806","next":"us-nc/n.c.-gen.-stat.-8c-1-rule-902"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}