{"data":{"id":"us-nd/n.d.-cent.-code-41-08-17","jurisdiction":"us-nd","citation":"N.D. Cent. Code § 41-08-17","heading":"(8-201) Issuer","body":"1.With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an \"issuer\" includes a person who:\na.Places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation represented by the certificate;\nb.Creates a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or undertakes an obligation, that is an uncertificated security;\nc.Directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented by a security certificate; or\nd.Becomes responsible for, or in place of, another person described as an issuer in this section.\n2.With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its obligation is noted on a security certificate.\n3.With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.","path":["Title 41 Uniform Commercial Code","Chapter 41-08 Investment Securities"],"source_url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t41c08.pdf","current_through":"2026-07-31T11:12:02","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-02T21:04:14Z","sha256":"12be08d837022aaee722be7268531c07de299b6e7ddfdf52268123df1dce39c8","source_id":"us-nd","stale":true,"prev":"us-nd/n.d.-cent.-code-41-08-16","next":"us-nd/n.d.-cent.-code-41-08-18"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}