{"data":{"id":"us-nd/n.d.-cent.-code-47-19-23","jurisdiction":"us-nd","citation":"N.D. Cent. Code § 47-19-23","heading":"Proof by handwriting - When received - Requirements","body":"The execution of an instrument may be established by proof of the handwriting of the party and of a subscribing witness, if there is one, in the following cases:\n1.When the parties and all the subscribing witnesses are dead;\n2.When the parties and all the subscribing witnesses are nonresidents of the state;\n3.When the place of their residence is unknown to the party desiring the proof and cannot be ascertained by the exercise of due diligence;\n4.When the subscribing witness is concealed, or cannot be found by the officer by the exercise of due diligence in attempting to serve a subpoena or attachment; or\n5.In case of the continued failure or refusal of the witness to testify for the space of one hour after the witness's appearance.","path":["Title 47 Property","Chapter 47-19 Record Title"],"source_url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c19.pdf","current_through":"2026-07-31T11:12:02","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-02T21:04:14Z","sha256":"5100d91baa15d0182611befc5ba19b9206919fc307648818b632148a0fef9aea","source_id":"us-nd","stale":true,"prev":"us-nd/n.d.-cent.-code-47-19-22","next":"us-nd/n.d.-cent.-code-47-19-24"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}