{"data":{"id":"us-ny/n.y.-const.-art.-i-2","jurisdiction":"us-ny","citation":"N.Y. Const. art. I, § 2","heading":"Trial by jury; how waived","body":"§ 2. Trial by jury in all cases in which it has heretofore been\nguaranteed by constitutional provision shall remain inviolate forever;\nbut a jury trial may be waived by the parties in all civil cases in the\nmanner to be prescribed by law. The legislature may provide, however, by\nlaw, that a verdict may be rendered by not less than five-sixths of the\njury in any civil case. A jury trial may be waived by the defendant in\nall criminal cases, except those in which the crime charged may be\npunishable by death, by a written instrument signed by the defendant in\nperson in open court before and with the approval of a judge or justice\nof a court having jurisdiction to try the offense. The legislature may\nenact laws, not inconsistent herewith, governing the form, content,\nmanner and time of presentation of the instrument effectuating such\nwaiver.","path":["Constitution","Article I. Bill of Rights"],"source_url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/api/3/laws/CNS/A1S2","current_through":"2026-09-11","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T19:32:44Z","sha256":"5bbc6d28ca8799e4cc20b7862fc062731a64aaa399efd637741e26bd9a4d54f7","source_id":"us-ny","stale":false,"prev":"us-ny/n.y.-const.-art.-i-1","next":"us-ny/n.y.-const.-art.-i-3"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}