{"data":{"id":"us-ok/okla.-stat.-tit.-12-12-2019","jurisdiction":"us-ok","citation":"Okla. Stat. tit. 12, § 12-2019","heading":"Joinder of persons needed for just adjudication","body":"JOINDER OF PERSONS NEEDED FOR JUST ADJUDICATION\n\nA. PERSONS TO BE JOINED IF FEASIBLE. A person who is subject\n\nto service of process shall be joined as a party in the action if:\n\n1. In his absence complete relief cannot be accorded among\n\nthose already parties; or\n\n2. He claims an interest relating to the subject of the action\n\nand is so situated that the disposition of the action in his absence\n\nmay:\n\na. as a practical matter, impair or impede his ability to\n\nprotect that interest, or\n\nb. leave any of the persons already parties subject to a\n\nsubstantial risk of incurring double, multiple, or\n\notherwise inconsistent obligations by reason of his\n\nclaimed interest.\n\nIf he has not been so joined, the court shall order that he be made\n\na party. If he should join as a plaintiff but refuses to do so, he\n\nmay be made a defendant or, in a proper case, an involuntary\n\nplaintiff.\n\nB. DETERMINATION BY COURT WHENEVER JOINDER NOT FEASIBLE. If a\n\nperson as described in paragraphs 1 and 2 of subsection A of this\n\nsection cannot be made a party, the court shall determine whether in\n\nequity and good conscience the action should proceed among the\n\nparties before it, or should be dismissed, the absent person being\n\nthus regarded as indispensable. The factors to be considered by the\n\ncourt include:\n\n1. To what extent a judgment rendered in the person's absence\n\nmight be prejudicial to him or those already parties;\n\n2. The extent to which, by protective provisions in the\n\njudgment, by the shaping of relief, or other measures, the prejudice\n\ncan be lessened or avoided;\n\n3. Whether a judgment rendered in the person's absence will be\n\nadequate; and\n\n4. Whether the plaintiff will have an adequate remedy if the\n\naction is dismissed for nonjoinder.\n\nC. PLEADING REASONS FOR NONJOINDER. A pleading asserting a\n\nclaim for relief shall state the names, if known to the pleader, of\n\nany persons as described in paragraphs 1 and 2 of subsection A of\n\nthis section who are not joined and the reasons why they are not\n\njoined.\n\nD. EXCEPTION OF CLASS ACTIONS. This section is subject to the\n\nprovisions of Section 23 of this act.","path":["OK Code","Title 12"],"source_url":"https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os12.pdf","current_through":"2026-08-14","vintage":"open-us-law v2026.08, retrieved 2026-09-14","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T18:32:36Z","sha256":"d7f60ca6169d891db4f24a2f0fdc8ee45c1c05ed784e589c6bfb88529bca8050","source_id":"us-ok","stale":false,"prev":"us-ok/okla.-stat.-tit.-12-12-2018","next":"us-ok/okla.-stat.-tit.-12-12-2020"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}