{"data":{"id":"us-tx/tex.-civil-practice-and-remedies-code-9.011","jurisdiction":"us-tx","citation":"Tex. Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 9.011","heading":"SIGNING OF PLEADINGS.","body":"The signing of a pleading as required by the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure constitutes a certificate by the signatory that to the signatory's best knowledge, information, and belief, formed after reasonable inquiry, the pleading is not:\n(1) groundless and brought in bad faith;\n(2) groundless and brought for the purpose of harassment; or\n(3) groundless and interposed for any improper purpose, such as to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.\nAdded by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 2, Sec. 2.01, eff. Sept. 2, 1987.","path":["CIVIL PRACTICE AND REMEDIES CODE","TITLE 2. TRIAL, JUDGMENT, AND APPEAL","SUBTITLE A. GENERAL PROVISIONS","CHAPTER 9. FRIVOLOUS PLEADINGS AND CLAIMS","SUBCHAPTER B. SIGNING OF PLEADINGS"],"source_url":"https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.9.htm#9.011","current_through":"89th 2nd Called Legislative Session, 2025","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T01:47:00Z","sha256":"b586fff64baeb6b62f39bd005668ed7a47bfec39b5016a65e01a1ba6e50e3432","source_id":"us-tx","stale":false,"prev":"us-tx/tex.-civil-practice-and-remedies-code-9.004","next":"us-tx/tex.-civil-practice-and-remedies-code-9.012"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}