{"data":{"id":"us-va/12vac5-590-940","jurisdiction":"us-va","citation":"12VAC5-590-940","heading":"Fluoride removal","body":"A. Fluoride removal may be accomplished by blending with a different quality water or by removal treatment. Where fluoride removal is required, the treatment units shall be designed to achieve a finished water fluoride concentration that is below the SMCL.\n\nB. Blending. Blended water shall result in all water delivered to the distribution system being of the same quality.\n\nC. Treatment.\n\n1. Treatment shall include ion exchange, activated alumina, bone char, RO, or electrodialysis. The selected design shall be supported by pilot studies, unless at least two pilot studies or two prototype plants have demonstrated that the selected design is feasible. These studies or prototypes shall be for waters having characteristics similar to the water that is to be treated.\n\n2. Water pH shall be adjustable to an optimum level to achieve the best fluoride removal.\n\n3. With any one unit out of service, the remaining units shall be capable of treating the maximum plant flow rate.\n\n4. Filter clogging constituents such as iron having a concentration greater than 1.0 mg/L shall be removed before fluoride removal.\n\n5. Test equipment shall be provided and must be accurate to at least 0.1 mg/L.\n\n6. An operation and maintenance manual shall be provided.","path":["Title 12. Health","Agency 5. Department of Health","Chapter 590. Waterworks Regulations","Part III. Manual of Practice for Waterworks Design","Article 3. Processes and Devices [Repealed]"],"source_url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title12/agency5/chapter590/section940/","current_through":"2026 Regular Session (effective July 1, 2026)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T04:50:42Z","sha256":"eb7b4a92bd0374563328d457071612fc97da6c937306e7d0569bca2c2b053b1d","source_id":"us-va-vac","stale":false,"prev":"us-va/12vac5-590-930","next":"us-va/12vac5-590-950"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}