{"data":{"id":"us-va/19vac30-70-430","jurisdiction":"us-va","citation":"19VAC30-70-430","heading":"Inspection -- heavy vehicles","body":"A. Inspection procedure -- heavy vehicles:\n\n1. Remove existing inspection sticker (all vehicles).\n\n2. While in right front, inspect right side glass and right  side lug nuts, windshield, seat belts, and door latches.\n\n3. Drive vehicle into inspection lane.\n\n4. While in driver's seat, check left side glass and window  crank, windshield, driver's seat, seat belts, door latches and parking or  holding brake. Check service brake, high beam indicator, turn signal switch,  air brake low air warning, air pressure loss, (single/combination) horn,  windshield wiper, defroster, mirrors, steering lash and floor pan.\n\n5. Check exhaust system and fuel tank.\n\n6. Check right side marker and clearance reflectors.\n\n7. Check all rear lights (including brake and turn signal).  Check all rear reflectors.\n\n8. Check left side marker, clearance lights and reflectors.\n\n9. Check all wheels for brakes, push rod travel, tires, rims  and suspension.\n\n10. Check headlights, fog, driving, turn signals, other  lights and reflectors.\n\n11. Check steering system, ball joints/king pin, shocks,  springs.\n\n12. Open hood and check latching mechanism, master cylinder,  engine mounts, and compressor belts.\n\n13. Check frame (all vehicles) and coupling device.\n\n14. Check air lines and couplings. Disconnect emergency air  line (red) (left) and check for automatic operation of trailer breakaway  brakes. Check tractor air protection valve. (Combination vehicle only).\n\n15. Issue approval or rejection sticker.\n\nB. Inspection guidelines. Required lamps and reflectors on commercial vehicles.\n\nLamps and reflex reflectors. Table 1 specifies the requirements for lamps, reflective devices and associated equipment by the type of commercial motor vehicle. The diagrams in this section illustrate the position of the lamps, reflective devices and associated equipment specified in Table 1. All commercial motor vehicles manufactured on or after December 25, 1968, must, at a minimum, meet the applicable requirements.\n\nTable 1\n\nRequired Lamps and Reflectors on Commercial Motor Vehicles Greater Than  26,000 Pounds GVWR\n\nItem on the vehicle\n\nQuantity\n\nColor\n\nLocation\n\nPosition\n\nHeight above the road surface in millimeters (mm) (with  English units in parenthesis) measured from the center of the lamp at curb  weight\n\nVehicles for which the devices are required\n\nHeadlamps\n\n2\n\nWhite\n\nFront\n\nOn the front at the same height, with an equal number at  each side of the vertical center line as far apart as practicable.\n\nNot less than 559 mm (22 inches) nor more than 1,372 mm (54  inches)\n\nA, B, C\n\nTurn signal (front)2, 12\n\n2\n\nAmber\n\nAt or near the front\n\nOne on each side of the vertical centerline at the same  height and as far apart as practicable.\n\nNot less than 381 mm (15 inches) nor more than 2,108 mm (83  inches.)\n\nA, B, C\n\nIdentification lamps (front)1\n\n3\n\nAmber\n\nFront\n\nAs close as practicable to the top of the vehicle, at the  same height, and as close as practicable to the vertical centerline of the  vehicle (or the vertical centerline of the cab where different from the  centerline of the vehicle) with lamp centers spaced not less than 152 mm (6  inches) or more than 305 mm (12 inches) apart. Alternatively, the front lamps  may be located as close as practicable to the top of the cab.\n\nAll three on the same level as close as practicable to the  top of the motor vehicle.\n\nB, C\n\nTail lamps5, 11\n\n2\n\nRed\n\nRear\n\nOne lamp on each side of the vertical centerline at the same  height and as far apart as practicable.\n\nBoth on the same level between 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,829  mm (72 inches).\n\nA, B, C, D, E, F, G, H\n\nStop lamps5, 13\n\n2\n\nRed\n\nRear\n\nOne lamp on each side of the vertical centerline at the same  height and as far apart as practicable.\n\nBoth on the same level between 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,829  mm (72 inches).\n\nA, B, C, D, E, F, G\n\nClearance lamps8, 9, 10, 15, 17\n\n2\n\nAmber\n\nOne on each side of the front of the vehicle\n\nOne on each side of the vertical centerline to indicate  overall width.\n\nBoth on the same level as high as practicable.\n\nB, C, D, G, H\n\n2\n\nRed\n\nOne on each side of the rear of the vehicle\n\nOne on each side of the vertical centerline to indicate  overall width.\n\nBoth on the same level as high as practicable.\n\nB, D, G, H\n\nReflex reflector, intermediate (side)\n\n2\n\nAmber\n\nOne on each side\n\nAt or near the midpoint between the front and rear side  marker lamps, if the length of the vehicle is more than 9,144 mm (30 feet).\n\nBetween 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,524 (60 inches).\n\nA, B, D, F, G\n\nReflex reflector (rear)5, 6, 8\n\n2\n\nRed\n\nRear\n\nOne on each side of the vertical centerline, as far apart as  practicable and at the same height.\n\nBoth on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,524  mm (60 inches).\n\nA, B, C, D, E, F, G\n\nReflex reflector (rear side)\n\n2\n\nRed\n\nOne on each side (rear)\n\nAs far to the rear as practicable.\n\nBoth on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,524  mm (60 inches).\n\nA, B, D, F, G\n\nReflex relector (front side)16\n\n2\n\nAmber\n\nOne on each side (front)\n\nAs far to the front as practicable.\n\nBetween 381 mm (15 inches) and 1,524 mm (60 inches).\n\nA, B, C, D, F, G\n\nLicense plate lamp (rear)11\n\n1\n\nWhite\n\nAt rear license plate to illuminate the plate from the top or  sides\n\nAs far to the front as practicable.\n\nNo requirements\n\nA, B, C, D, F, G\n\nSide marker lamp (front)16\n\n2\n\nAmber\n\nOne on each side\n\nNot less than 381 mm (15 inches).\n\nA, B, C, D, F\n\nSide marker lamp intermediate\n\n2\n\nAmber\n\nOne on each side\n\nAt or near the midpoint between the front and rear side  marker lamps, if the length of the vehicle is more than 9,144 mm (30 feet).\n\nNot less than 381 mm (15 inches).\n\nA, B, D, F, G\n\nSide marker lamp (rear)4, 8\n\n2\n\nRed\n\nOne on each side\n\nAs far to the rear as practicable.\n\nNot less than 381 mm (15 inches), and on the rear of  trailers not more than 1,524 mm (60 inches).\n\nA, B, D, F, G\n\nTurn signal (rear)5, 12\n\n2\n\nAmber or red\n\nRear\n\nOne lamp on each side of the vertical centerline as far  apart as practicable.\n\nBoth on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 2,108  mm (83 inches).\n\nA, B, C, D, E, F, G\n\nIdentification lamp (rear)3, 7, 15\n\n3\n\nRed\n\nRear\n\nOne as close as practicable to the vertical centerline. One  on each side with lamp centers spaced not less than 152 mm (6 inches) or more  than 305 mm (12 inches) apart.\n\nAll three on the same level as close as practicable to the  top of the vehicle.\n\nB, D, G\n\nVehicular hazard warning signal flasher lamps5, 12\n\n2\n\nAmber\n\nFront\n\nOne lamp on each side of the vertical centerline, as far  apart as practicable.\n\nBoth on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 2,108  mm (83 inches).\n\nA, B, C\n\n1 or 2\n\nAmber or red\n\nRear\n\nOne lamp on each side of the vertical centerline, as far  apart as practicable.\n\nBoth on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 2,108  mm (83 inches).\n\nA, B, C, D, E, F, G\n\nBackup lamp14\n\n1 or 2\n\nWhite\n\nRear\n\nRear\n\nNo requirement\n\nA, B, C\n\nParking lamp\n\n2\n\nAmber or white\n\nFront\n\nOne lamp on each side of the vertical centerline, as far  apart as practicable.\n\nBoth on the same level, between 381 mm (15 inches) and 2,108  mm (83 inches).\n\nA\n\nLegend: Types of commercial motor vehicles shown in the last  column of Table 1:\n\nA. Buses and trucks less than 2,032 mm (80 inches) in  overall width.\n\nB. Buses and trucks 2,032 mm (80 inches) or more in overall width.\n\nC. Truck tractors.\n\nD. Semi-trailers and full trailers 2,032 mm (80 inches) or more in overall  width except converter dollies.\n\nE. Converter dolly.\n\nF. Semi-trailers and full trailers less than 2,032 mm (80 inches) in overall  width.\n\nG. Pole trailers.\n\nH. Projecting loads.\n\nNote: Lamps and reflectors may be combined as permitted by  equipment combinations.\n\nNOTES:\n\n1Identification lamps and reflectors may be  mounted on the vertical centerline of the cab where different from the  centerline of the vehicle, except where the cab is not more than 42 inches  wide at the front roofline, then a single lamp at the center of the cab shall  be deemed to comply with the requirements for identification lamps. No part  of the identification lamps or their mountings may extend below the top of  the vehicle windshield.\n\n2Unless the turn signals on the front are so  constructed (doubled-faced) and located as to be visible to passing drivers,  two turn signals are required on the rear of the truck tractor, one at each  side as far apart as practicable.\n\n3The identification lamps need not be visible or  lighted if obscured by a vehicle in the same combination.\n\n4Any semitrailer or full trailer manufactured on  or after March 1, 1979, shall be equipped with rear side-marker lamps at a  height of not less than 381 mm (15 inches), and on the rear of the trailers  not more than 1,524 mm (60 inches) above the road surface, as measured from  the center of the lamp on the vehicle at curb weight.\n\n5Each converter dolly, when towed singly by  another vehicle and not as part of a full trailer, shall be equipped with one  stop lamp, one tail lamp, and two reflectors (one on each side of the  vertical centerline, as far apart as practicable) on the rear. Each converter  dolly shall be equipped with rear turn signals and vehicular hazard warning  signal flasher lamps when towed singly by another vehicle and not as part of  a full trailer, if the converter dolly obscures the turn signals at the rear  of the towing vehicle.\n\n6Pole trailers shall be equipped with two reflex  reflectors on the rear, one on each side of the vertical centerline as far as  practicable, to indicate the extreme width of the trailer.\n\n7Pole trailers, when towed by motor vehicles with  rear identification lamps and mounted at a height gre\n\nater than the load being transported on the pole trailer,  are not required to have rear identification lamps.\n\n8Pole trailers shall have on the rearmost support  for the load: (1) two front clearance lamps, one on each side of the vehicle,  both on the same level and as high as practicable to indicate the overall  width of the pole trailer; (2) two rear clearance lamps, one on each side of  the vehicle, both at the same level and as high as practicable to indicate  the overall width of the pole trailer; (3) two rear side marker lamps, one on  each side of the vehicle, both on the same level, not less than 375 mm (15  inches) above the road surface; (4) two rear reflex reflectors, one on each  side, both on the same level, not less than 375 mm (15 inches) above the road  surface to indicate maximum width of the pole trailer; and (5) one red  reflector on each side of the rearmost support for the load. Lamps and  reflectors may be combined.\n\n9Any motor vehicle transporting a load that  extends more than 102 mm (4 inches) beyond the overall width of the motor  vehicle shall be equipped with the following lamps in addition to other  required lamps when operated during the hours when headlamps are required to  be used.\n\n(1) The foremost edge of that portion of the load that  projects beyond the side of the\n\nvehicle shall be marked (at its outermost extremity) with an  amber lamp visible from the front and side.\n\n(2) The rearmost edge of that portion of the load that  projects beyond the side of the vehicle shall be marked (at its outermost  extremity) with a red lamp visible from the rear and side.\n\n(3) If the projecting load does not measure more than 914 mm  (3 feet) from front to rear, it shall be marked with an amber lamp visible  from the front, both sides, and rear, except that if the projection is  located at or near the rear it shall be marked by a red lamp visible from  front, side, and rear.\n\n10Projections beyond rear of motor vehicles.  Motor vehicles transporting loads that extend more than 1,219 mm (4 feet)  beyond the rear of the motor vehicle, or that have tailboards or tailgates  extending more than 1,219 mm (4 feet) beyond the body, shall have these  projections marked as follows when the vehicle is operated during the hours  when headlamps are required to be used:\n\n(1) On each side of the projecting load, one red side marker  lamp, visible from the side, located so as to indicate maximum overhang.\n\n(2) On the rear of the projecting load, two red lamps,  visible from the rear, one at each side; and two red reflectors visible from  the rear, one at each side, located so as to indicate maximum width.\n\n11To be illuminated when tractor headlamps are  illuminated.\n\n12Every bus, truck, and truck tractor shall be  equipped with a signaling system that, in addition to signaling turning  movements, shall have a switch or combination of switches that will cause the  two front turn signals and the two rear signals to flash simultaneously as a  vehicular traffic signal warning. The system shall be capable of flashing  simultaneously with the ignition of the vehicle on or off.\n\n13To be actuated upon application of service  brakes.\n\n14Backup lamp required to operate when bus,  truck, or truck tractor is in reverse.\n\n15(1) For the purposes, the term \"overall  width\" refers to the nominal design dimension of the widest part of the  vehicle, exclusive of the signal lamps, marker lamps, outside rearview  mirrors, flexible fender extensions, and mud flaps.\n\n(2) Clearance lamps may be mounted at a location other than  on the front and rear if necessary to indicate the overall width of a  vehicle, or for protection from damage during normal operation of the  vehicle.\n\n(3) On a trailer, the front clearance lamps may be mounted  at a height below the extreme height if mounting at the extreme height  results in the lamps failing to mark the overall width of the trailer.\n\n(4) On a truck tractor, clearance lamps mounted on the cab  may be located to indicate the width of the cab, rather than the width of the  vehicle.\n\n(5) When the rear identification lamps are mounted at the  extreme height of a vehicle, rear clearance lamps are not required to be  located as close as practicable to the top of the vehicle.\n\n16A trailer subject to this part that is less  than 1,829 mm (6 feet) in overall length, including the trailer tongue, need  not be equipped with front side marker lamps and front side reflex  reflectors.\n\n17A boat trailer subject to this part whose  overall width is 2,032 mm (80 inches) or more need not be equipped with both  front and rear clearance lamps provided an amber (front) and red (rear)  clearance lamp is located at or near the midpoint on each side so as to  indicate its extreme width.","path":["Title 19. Public Safety","Agency 30. Department of State Police","Chapter 70. Motor Vehicle Safety Inspection Regulations","Part V. Inspection Requirements for Trucks and Other Vehicles Over 10,000 Pounds (GVWR)"],"source_url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title19/agency30/chapter70/section430/","current_through":"2026 Regular Session (effective July 1, 2026)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T04:53:21Z","sha256":"970d0aaf28e5157c12d1b2b8cf98227289b74192defeea25cf748f4ab4179ac3","source_id":"us-va-vac","stale":false,"prev":"us-va/19vac30-70-420","next":"us-va/19vac30-70-440"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}