{"data":{"id":"us-va/8vac20-543-160","jurisdiction":"us-va","citation":"8VAC20-543-160","heading":"Adult English as a second language (add-on endorsement)","body":"The program in adult English as a second language shall ensure that the candidate holds an active license with a teaching endorsement or endorsements issued by the Virginia Board of Education and has demonstrated the following competencies:\n\n1. Knowledge in the growth and development of the adult learner;\n\n2. Knowledge in methods and materials in the teaching of English to adult speakers of other languages;\n\n3. Skills in the teaching of reading and writing to include (i) the five areas of reading instruction: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension; (ii) similarities and differences between reading in a first language and reading in a second language; and (iii) a balanced literacy approach;\n\n4. Knowledge in adult second language acquisition;\n\n5. Knowledge of assessment methods in instruction of English to adult speakers of other languages;\n\n6. Skills in teaching the adult learner;\n\n7. Understanding of the effects of sociocultural variables in the instructional setting;\n\n8. Skills in teaching a variety of adult learning styles;\n\n9. Proficiency in cross-cultural communication;\n\n10. Proficiency in speaking, listening, and reading;\n\n11. Understanding of and proficiency in grammar, usage, and mechanics and their integration in writing; and\n\n12. Understanding of and proficiency in andragogy to incorporate writing as an instructional and assessment tool for candidates to generate, gather, plan, organize, and present ideas in writing to communicate for a variety of purposes.","path":["Title 8. Education","Agency 20. State Board of Education","Chapter 543. Regulations Governing the Review and Approval of Education Programs in Virginia","Part VII. Competencies for Endorsement Areas Article 1 General Competencies","Article 3. PreK-12 Endorsements, Special Education, Secondary Grades 6-12 Endorsements, and Adult Education"],"source_url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title8/agency20/chapter543/section160/","current_through":"2026 Regular Session (effective July 1, 2026)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-14T04:47:41Z","sha256":"2bbac3abca1e9ef9c3c8eed655f1a9559541f7ce5cb80c96ec62b64a449f4ae3","source_id":"us-va-vac","stale":false,"prev":"us-va/8vac20-543-150","next":"us-va/8vac20-543-170"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}