{"data":{"id":"us-va/va.-code-16.1-69.23","jurisdiction":"us-va","citation":"Va. Code § 16.1-69.23","heading":"In what cases judge disqualified","body":"If the judge or substitute judge of any district court:(1) Be a party to an action;(2) Be interested in the result of any action, otherwise than as resident or taxpayer of the city or county;(3) Be related to any party to the action as spouse, grandparent, parent, father-in-law, mother-in-law, child, grandchild, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother, sister, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, nephew, niece, uncle, aunt, first cousin, guardian or ward;(4) Be a material witness for either party to the action;(5) Be counsel for any party to the action;he shall not take cognizance thereof.1972, c. 708; 1973, c. 546.","path":["Title 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD","Chapter 4.1. DISTRICT COURTS","Article 2. DISTRICTS; DISTRICT COURTS AND JUDGES"],"source_url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/16.1-69.23/","current_through":"9/4/2026","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-04T15:14:24Z","sha256":"aea28b7880e1e305c25f7b7482272b720bbc2589e42ab5a697681ff19a4b42a1","source_id":"us-va","stale":true,"prev":"us-va/va.-code-16.1-69.22-1","next":"us-va/va.-code-16.1-69.24"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}