{"data":{"id":"us-va/va.-code-8.8a-201","jurisdiction":"us-va","citation":"Va. Code § 8.8A-201","heading":"Issuer","body":"(a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an \"issuer\" includes a person that:(1) places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, to evidence a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or to evidence its duty to perform an obligation represented by the certificate;(2) creates a share, participation, or other interest in its property or in an enterprise, or undertakes an obligation, that is an uncertificated security;(3) directly or indirectly creates a fractional interest in its rights or property, if the fractional interest is represented by a security certificate; or(4) becomes responsible for, or in place of, another person described as an issuer in this section.(b) With respect to an obligation on or defense to a security, a guarantor is an issuer to the extent of its guaranty, whether or not its obligation is noted on a security certificate.(c) With respect to a registration of a transfer, issuer means a person on whose behalf transfer books are maintained.1996, c. 216.","path":["Title 8.8A. COMMERCIAL CODE — INVESTMENT SECURITIES","Part 2. ISSUE AND ISSUER"],"source_url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/8.8A-201/","current_through":"9/4/2026","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-04T15:13:24Z","sha256":"f6bb26d86bbea18ef791496d9f0f5a944587a59fe61c71fe826e2fbd6847b400","source_id":"us-va","stale":true,"prev":"us-va/va.-code-8.8a-116","next":"us-va/va.-code-8.8a-202"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}