{"data":{"id":"us/11-u.s.c.-102","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"11 U.S.C. § 102","heading":"Rules of construction","body":"In this title—(1) “after notice and a hearing”, or a similar phrase—(A) means after such notice as is appropriate in the particular circumstances, and such opportunity for a hearing as is appropriate in the particular circumstances; but (B) authorizes an act without an actual hearing if such notice is given properly and if—(i) such a hearing is not requested timely by a party in interest; or (ii) there is insufficient time for a hearing to be commenced before such act must be done, and the court authorizes such act; (2) “claim against the debtor” includes claim against property of the debtor; (3) “includes” and “including” are not limiting; (4) “may not” is prohibitive, and not permissive; (5) “or” is not exclusive; (6) “order for relief” means entry of an order for relief; (7) the singular includes the plural; (8) a definition, contained in a section of this title that refers to another section of this title, does not, for the purpose of such reference, affect the meaning of a term used in such other section; and (9) “United States trustee” includes a designee of the United States trustee.","path":["Title 11—BANKRUPTCY","CHAPTER 1—GENERAL PROVISIONS"],"source_url":"https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/103/xml_usc11@119-103.zip","current_through":"Public Law 119-103 (09/02/2026)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-10T05:56:12Z","sha256":"0fe25348df1acbf1b8289489c584def1ece48d7fbdaa36c11565fd7778c3cbd7","source_id":"us","stale":false,"prev":"us/11-u.s.c.-101","next":"us/11-u.s.c.-103"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}