{"data":{"id":"us/14-cfr-1.2","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"14 CFR 1.2","heading":"Abbreviations and symbols.","body":"In this chapter:\nAFM means airplane flight manual.\nAGL means above ground level.\nALS means approach light system.\nAPU means auxiliary power unit.\nASR means airport surveillance radar.\nATC means air traffic control.\nATS means Air Traffic Service.\nCAMP means continuous airworthiness maintenance program.\nCAS means calibrated airspeed.\nCAT II means Category II.\nCMP means configuration, maintenance, and procedures.\nDH means decision height.\nDME means distance measuring equipment compatible with TACAN.\nEAS means equivalent airspeed.\nEFVS means enhanced flight vision system.\nEqui-Time Point means a point on the route of flight where the flight time, considering wind, to each of two selected airports is equal.\nETOPS means extended operations.\nEWIS, as defined by § 25.1701 of this chapter, means electrical wiring interconnection system.\nFAA means Federal Aviation Administration.\nFFS means full flight simulator.\nFM means fan marker.\nFSTD means flight simulation training device.\nFTD means flight training device.\nGS means glide slope.\nHIRL means high-intensity runway light system.\nIAS means indicated airspeed.\nICAO means International Civil Aviation Organization.\nIFR means instrument flight rules.\nIFSD means in-flight shutdown.\nILS means instrument landing system.\nIM means ILS inner marker.\nINT means intersection.\nLDA means localizer-type directional aid.\nLFR means low-frequency radio range.\nLMM means compass locator at middle marker.\nLOC means ILS localizer.\nLOM means compass locator at outer marker.\nM means mach number.\nMAA means maximum authorized IFR altitude.\nMALS means medium intensity approach light system.\nMALSR means medium intensity approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights.\nMCA means minimum crossing altitude.\nMDA means minimum descent altitude.\nMEA means minimum en route IFR altitude.\nMEL means minimum equipment list.\nMM means ILS middle marker.\nMOCA means minimum obstruction clearance altitude.\nMRA means minimum reception altitude.\nMSL means mean sea level.\nNDB (ADF) means nondirectional beacon (automatic direction finder).\nNM means nautical mile.\nNOPAC means North Pacific area of operation.\nNOPT means no procedure turn required.\nOEI means one engine inoperative.\nOM means ILS outer marker.\nOPSPECS means operations specifications.\nPACOTS means Pacific Organized Track System.\nPAR means precision approach radar.\nPMA means parts manufacturer approval.\nPOC means portable oxygen concentrator.\nPTRS means Performance Tracking and Reporting System.\nRAIL means runway alignment indicator light system.\nRBN means radio beacon.\nRCLM means runway centerline marking.\nRCLS means runway centerline light system.\nREIL means runway end identification lights.\nRFFS means rescue and firefighting services.\nRNAV means area navigation.\nRR means low or medium frequency radio range station.\nRVR means runway visual range as measured in the touchdown zone area.\nSALS means short approach light system.\nSATCOM means satellite communications.\nSSALS means simplified short approach light system.\nSSALSR means simplified short approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights.\nTACAN means ultra-high frequency tactical air navigational aid.\nTAS means true airspeed.\nTCAS means a traffic alert and collision avoidance system.\nTDZL means touchdown zone lights.\nTSO means technical standard order.\nTVOR means very high frequency terminal omnirange station.\nVA means design maneuvering speed.\nVB means design speed for maximum gust intensity.\nVC means design cruising speed.\nVD means design diving speed.\nVDF/MDF means demonstrated flight diving speed.\nVEF means the speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during takeoff.\nVF means design flap speed.\nVFC/MFC means maximum speed for stability characteristics.\nVFE means maximum flap extended speed.\nVFTO means final takeoff speed.\nVH means maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power.\nVLE means maximum landing gear extended speed.\nVLO means maximum landing gear operating speed.\nVLOF means lift-off speed.\nVMC means minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative.\nVMO/MMO means maximum operating limit speed.\nVMU means minimum unstick speed.\nVNE means never-exceed speed.\nVNO means maximum structural cruising speed.\nVR means rotation speed.\nVREF means reference landing speed.\nVS means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable.\nVS0 means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration.\nVS1 means the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specific configuration.\nVSR means reference stall speed.\nVSRO means reference stall speed in the landing configuration.\nVSR1 means reference stall speed in a specific configuration.\nVSW means speed at which onset of natural or artificial stall warning occurs.\nVTOSS means takeoff safety speed for Category A rotorcraft.\nVX means speed for best angle of climb.\nVY means speed for best rate of climb.\nV1 means the maximum speed in the takeoff at which the pilot must take the first action (e.g., apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes) to stop the airplane within the accelerate-stop distance. V1 also means the minimum speed in the takeoff, following a failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot can continue the takeoff and achieve the required height above the takeoff surface within the takeoff distance.\nV2 means takeoff safety speed.\nV2min means minimum takeoff safety speed.\nVFR means visual flight rules.\nVGSI means visual glide slope indicator.\nVHF means very high frequency.\nVOR means very high frequency omnirange station.\nVORTAC means collocated VOR and TACAN.","path":["Title 14—Aeronautics and Space","CHAPTER I—FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION","SUBCHAPTER A—DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS","PART 1—DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-14.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:24:20Z","sha256":"95057bd0bdf30b89164c16e274fc5f9b5e6a38cc5cf90e63ae2027e974637347","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/14-cfr-1.1","next":"us/14-cfr-1.3"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}