{"data":{"id":"us/14-cfr-23.2320","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"14 CFR 23.2320","heading":"Occupant physical environment.","body":"(a) The applicant must design the airplane to—\n(1) Allow clear communication between the flightcrew and passengers;\n(2) Protect the pilot and flight controls from propellers; and\n(3) Protect the occupants from serious injury due to damage to windshields, windows, and canopies.\n(b) For level 4 airplanes, each windshield and its supporting structure directly in front of the pilot must withstand, without penetration, the impact equivalent to a two-pound bird when the velocity of the airplane is equal to the airplane's maximum approach flap speed.\n(c) The airplane must provide each occupant with air at a breathable pressure, free of hazardous concentrations of gases, vapors, and smoke during normal operations and likely failures.\n(d) If a pressurization system is installed in the airplane, it must be designed to protect against—\n(1) Decompression to an unsafe level; and\n(2) Excessive differential pressure.\n(e) If an oxygen system is installed in the airplane, it must—\n(1) Effectively provide oxygen to each user to prevent the effects of hypoxia; and\n(2) Be free from hazards in itself, in its method of operation, and its effect upon other components.","path":["Title 14—Aeronautics and Space","CHAPTER I—FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION","SUBCHAPTER C—AIRCRAFT","PART 23—AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY AIRPLANES","Subpart D—Design and Construction"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-14.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:24:20Z","sha256":"71433bf5bb7701ce8317787284c8ba9c0b3aa4c636736598ed166707c9ee1f8d","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/14-cfr-23.2315","next":"us/14-cfr-23.2325"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}