{"data":{"id":"us/21-cfr-172.510","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"21 CFR 172.510","heading":"Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors.","body":"Natural flavoring substances and natural adjuvants may be safely used in food in accordance with the following conditions.\n(a) They are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended physical or technical effect and in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice.\n(b) In the appropriate forms (plant parts, fluid and solid extracts, concentrates, absolutes, oils, gums, balsams, resins, oleoresins, waxes, and distillates) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, previously sanctioned for such use, or regulated in any section of this part.\nCommon name Scientific name Limitations\nAloe Aloe perryi Baker, A. barbadensis Mill., A. ferox Mill., and hybrids of this sp. with A. africana Mill. and A. spicata Baker\nAlthea root and flowers Althea officinalis L\nAmyris (West Indian sandalwood) Amyris balsamifera L\nAngola weed Roccella fuciformis Ach In alcoholic beverages only\nArnica flowers Arnica montana L., A. fulgens Pursh, A. sororia Greene, or A. cordifolia Hooker Do.\nArtemisia (wormwood) Artemisia spp Finished food thujone free 1\nArtichoke leaves Cynara scolymus L In alcoholic beverages only\nBenzoin resin Styrax benzoin Dryander, S. paralleloneurus Perkins, S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich, or other spp. of the Section Anthostyrax of the genus Styrax\nBlackberry bark Rubus, Section Eubatus\nBoldus (boldo) leaves Peumus boldus Mol Do.\nBoronia flowers Boronia megastigma Nees\nBryonia root Bryonia alba L., or B. diocia Jacq Do.\nBuchu leaves Barosma betulina Bartl. et Wendl., B. crenulata (L.) Hook. or B. serratifolia Willd\nBuckbean leaves Menyanthes trifoliata L Do.\nCajeput Melaleuca leucadendron L. and other Melaleuca spp\nCalumba root Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.) Miers Do.\nCamphor tree Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Eberm Safrole free\nCascara sagrada Rhamnus purshiana DC\nCassie flowers Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd\nCastor oil Ricinus communis L\nCatechu, black Acacia catechu Willd\nCedar, white (aborvitae), leaves and twigs Thuja occidentalis L Finished food thujone free 1\nCentuary Centaurium umbellatum Gilib In alcoholic beverages only\nCherry pits Prunus avium L. or P. cerasus L Not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid\nCherry-laurel leaves Prunus laurocerasus L Do.\nChestnut leaves Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh\nChirata Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham In alcoholic beverages only\nCinchona, red, bark Cinchona succirubra Pav. or its hybrids In beverages only; not more than 83 p.p.m. total cinchona alkaloids in finished beverage\nCinchona, yellow, bark Cinchona ledgeriana Moens, C. calisaya Wedd., or hybrids of these with other spp. of Cinchona. Do.\nCopaiba South American spp. of Copaifera L\nCork, oak Quercus suber L., or Q. occidentalis F. Gay In alcoholic beverages only\nCostmary Chrysanthemum balsamita L Do.\nCostus root Saussurea lappa Clarke\nCubeb Piper cubeba L. f\nCurrant, black, buds and leaves Ribes nigrum L\nDamiana leaves Turnera diffusa Willd\nDavana Artemisia pallens Wall\nDill, Indian Anethum sowa Roxb. (Peucedanum graveolens Benth et Hook., Anethum graveolens L.)\nDittany (fraxinella) roots Dictamnus albus L Do.\nDittany of Crete Origanum dictamnus L\nDragon's blood (dracorubin) Daemonorops spp\nElder tree leaves Sambucus nigra L In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor\nElecampane rhizome and roots Inula helenium L In alcoholic beverages only\nElemi Canarium commune L. or C. luzonicum Miq\nErigeron Erigeron canadensis L\nEucalyptus globulus leaves Eucalyptus globulus Labill\nFir (“pine”) needles and twigs Abies sibirica Ledeb., A. alba Mill., A. sachalinesis Masters or A. mayriana Miyabe et Kudo\nFir, balsam, needles and twigs Abies balsamea (L.) Mill\nGalanga, greater Alpinia galanga Willd Do.\nGalbanum Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. et Buhse and other Ferula spp\nGambir (catechu, pale) Uncaria gambir Roxb\nGenet flowers Spartium junceum L\nGentian rhizome and roots Gentiana lutea L\nGentian, stemless Gentiana acaulis L Do.\nGermander, chamaedrys Teucrium chamaedrys L Do.\nGermander, golden Teucrium polium L Do.\nGuaiac Guaiacum officinale L., G. santum L., Bulnesia sarmienti Lor\nGuarana Paullinia cupana HBK\nHaw, black, bark Viburnum prunifolium L\nHemlock needles and twigs Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. or T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg\nHyacinth flowers Hyacinthus orientalis L\nIceland moss Cetraria islandica Ach Do.\nImperatoria Peucedanum ostruthium (L.). Koch (Imperatoria ostruthium L.)\nIva Achillea moschata Jacq Do.\nLabdanum Cistus spp\nLemon-verbena Lippia citriodora HBK Do.\nLinaloe wood Bursera delpechiana Poiss. and other Bursera spp\nLinden leaves Tillia spp Do.\nLovage Levisticum officinale Koch\nLungmoss (lungwort) Sticta pulmonacea Ach\nMaidenhair fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L Do.\nMaple, mountain Acer spicatum Lam\nMimosa (black wattle) flowers Acacia decurrens Willd. var. dealbata\nMullein flowers Verbascum phlomoides L. or V. thapsiforme Schrad Do.\nMyrrh Commiphora molmol Engl., C. abyssinica (Berg) Engl., or other Commiphora spp\nMyrtle leaves Myrtus communis L Do.\nOak, English, wood Quercus robur L Do.\nOak, white, chips Quercus alba L\nOak moss Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., E. furfuracea (L.) Mann, and other lichens Finished food thujone free 1\nOlibanum Boswellia carteri Birdw. and other Boswellia spp\nOpopanax (bisabolmyrrh) Opopanax chironium Koch (true opopanax) of Commiphora erythraea Engl. var. Llabrescens\nOrris root Iris germanica L. (including its variety florentina Dykes) and I. pallida Lam\nPansy Viola tricolor L In alcoholic beverages only\nPassion flower Passiflora incarnata L\nPatchouly Pogostemon cablin Benth. and P. heyneanus Benth\nPeach leaves Prunus persica (L.) Batsch In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor\nPennyroyal, American Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers\nPennyroyal, European Mentha pulegium L\nPine, dwarf, needles and twigs Pinus mugo Turra var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari\nPine, Scotch, needles and twigs Pinus sylvestris L\nPine, white, bark Pinus strobus L In alcoholic beverages only\nPine, white oil Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp\nPoplar buds Populus balsamifera L. (P. tacamahacca Mill.), P. candicans Ait., or P. nigra L Do.\nQuassia Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch, or Quassia amara L\nQuebracho bark Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schlecht, or (Quebrachia lorentzii (Griseb)) Schinopsis lorentzii (Griseb.) Engl.\nQuillaia (soapbark) Quillaja saponaria Mol\nRed saunders (red sandalwood) Pterocarpus san alinus L In alcoholic beverages only\nRhatany root Krameria triandra Ruiz et Pav. or K. argentea Mart\nRhubarb, garden root Rheum rhaponticum L Do.\nRhubarb root Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L., or other spp. (excepting R. rhaponticum L.) or hybrids of Rheum grown in China\nRoselle Hibiscus sabdariffa L Do.\nRosin (colophony) Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp Do.\nSt. Johnswort leaves, flowers, and caulis Hypericum perforatum L Hypericin-free alcohol distillate form only; in alcoholic beverages only\nSandalwood, white (yellow, or East Indian) Santalum album L\nSandarac Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.), Mast In alcoholic beverages only\nSarsaparilla Smilax aristolochiaefolia Mill., (Mexican sarsaparilla), S. regelii Killip et Morton (Honduras sarsaparilla), S. febrifuga Kunth (Ecuadorean sarsaparilla), or undetermined Smilax spp. (Ecuadorean or Central American sarsaparilla)\nSassafras leaves Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees Safrole free\nSenna, Alexandria Cassia acutifolia Delile\nSerpentaria (Virginia snakeroot) Aristolochia serpentaria L In alcoholic beverages only\nSimaruba bark Simaruba amara Aubl Do.\nSnakeroot, Canadian (wild ginger) Asarum canadense L\nSpruce needles and twigs Picea glauca (Moench) Voss or P. mariana (Mill.) BSP\nStorax (styrax) Liquidambar orientalis Mill. or L. styraciflua L\nTagetes (marigold) Tagetes patula L., T. erecta L., or T. minuta L. (T. glandulifera Schrank) As oil only\nTansy Tanacetum vulgare L In alcoholic beverages only; finished alcoholic beverage thujone free 1\nThistle, blessed (holy thistle) Onicus benedictus L In alcoholic beverages only\nThymus capitatus (Spanish “origanum”) Thymus capitatus Hoffmg. et Link\nTolu Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms\nTurpentine Pinus palustris Mill. and other Pinus spp. which yield terpene oils exclusively\nValerian rhizome and roots Valeriana officinalis L\nVeronica Veronica officinalis L Do.\nVervain, European Verbena officinalis L Do.\nVetiver Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf Do.\nViolet, Swiss Viola calcarata L\nWalnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts Juglans nigra L. or J. regia L\nWoodruff, sweet Asperula odorata L In alcoholic beverages only\nYarrow Achillea millefolium L In beverages only; finished beverage thujone free 1\nYerba santa Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, et Arn.) Torr\nYucca, Joshua-tree Yucca brevifolia Engelm\nYucca, Mohave Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies (Y. mohavensis Sarg.)\n1 As determined by using the method (or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof) in section 9.129 of the “Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,” 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by reference. Copies may be obtained from the AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 481 North Frederick Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, or may be examined at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.","path":["Title 21—Food and Drugs","CHAPTER I—FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES","SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION","PART 172—FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION","Subpart F—Flavoring Agents and Related Substances"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-21.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:24:47Z","sha256":"9c310ced5ad90d2d02df0cfa1468ace058a0164399cbd673aa73a82dd61e7141","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/21-cfr-172.490","next":"us/21-cfr-172.515"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}