{"data":{"id":"us/23-cfr-635.102","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"23 CFR 635.102","heading":"Definitions.","body":"As used in this subpart:\nAdministrator means the Federal Highway Administrator.\nCalendar day means each day shown on the calendar but, if another definition is set forth in the State contract specifications, that definition will apply.\nConstruction Manager/General Contractor (CM/GC) project means a project to be delivered using a two-phase contract with a construction manager or general contractor for services during both the preconstruction and construction phases of a project.\nContract time means the number of workdays or calendar days specified in a contract for completion of the contract work. The term includes authorized time extensions.\nDesign-build project means a project to be developed using one or more design-build contracts.\nDivision Administrator means the chief FHWA official assigned to conduct business in a particular State. A State is as defined in 23 U.S.C. 101.\nForce account means a basis of payment for the direct performance of highway construction work with payment based on the actual cost of labor, equipment, and materials furnished and consideration for overhead and profit.\nFormal approval means approval in writing or the electronic transmission of such approval.\nIncentive/disincentive for early completion as used in this subpart, describes a contract provision which compensates the contractor a certain amount of money for each day identified critical work is completed ahead of schedule and assesses a deduction for each day the contractor overruns the incentive/disincentive time. Its use is primarily intended for those critical projects where traffic inconvenience and delays are to be held to a minimum. The amounts are based upon estimates of such items as traffic safety, traffic maintenance, and road user delay costs.\nIndefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (ID/IQ) Project means a project to be developed using one or more ID/IQ contracts.\nLiquidated damages means the daily amount set forth in the contract to be deducted from the contract price to cover additional costs incurred by a State transportation department because of the contractor's failure to complete the contract work within the number of calendar days or workdays specified. The term may also mean the total of all daily amounts deducted under the terms of a particular contract.\nLocal public agency means any city, county, township, municipality, or other political subdivision that may be empowered to cooperate with the State transportation department in highway matters.\nMajor change or major extra work means a change which will significantly affect the cost of the project to the Federal Government or alter the termini, character or scope of the work.\nMaterially unbalanced bid means a bid which generates a reasonable doubt that award to the bidder submitting a mathematically unbalanced bid will result in the lowest ultimate cost to the Federal Government.\nMathematically unbalanced bid means a bid containing lump sum or unit bid items which do not reflect reasonable actual costs plus a reasonable proportionate share of the bidder's anticipated profit, overhead costs, and other indirect costs.\nPublic agency means any organization with administrative or functional responsibilities which are directly or indirectly affiliated with a governmental body of any nation, State, or local jurisdiction.\nPublicly owned equipment means equipment previously purchased or otherwise acquired by the public agency involved primarily for use in its own operations.\nSpecialty items means work items identified in the contract which are not normally associated with highway construction and require highly specialized knowledge, abilities or equipment not ordinarily available in the type of contracting organizations qualified and expected to bid on the contract; in general, these items are to be limited to minor components of the overall contract.\nState department of transportation (State DOT) means that department, commission, board, or official of any State charged by its laws with the responsibility for highway construction. The term “State” should be considered equivalent to State DOT if the context so implies. In addition, State Highway Agency (SHA), State Transportation Agency (STA), State Transportation Department, or other similar terms should be considered equivalent to State DOT if the context so implies.\nWorkday means a calendar day during which construction operations could proceed for a major part of a shift, normally excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and State-recognized legal holidays.","path":["Title 23—Highways","CHAPTER I—FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION","SUBCHAPTER G—ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS","PART 635—CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE","Subpart A—Contract Procedures"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-23.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:24:50Z","sha256":"b48e3acbf7044e74707686a9c77670b9447c2ea3bbaff25c882ac890cf77fe67","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/23-cfr-635.101","next":"us/23-cfr-635.103"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}