{"data":{"id":"us/28-cfr-550.31","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"28 CFR 550.31","heading":"Procedures.","body":"(a) Staff of the same sex as the inmate tested shall directly supervise the giving of the urine sample. If an inmate is unwilling to provide a urine sample within two hours of a request for it, staff ordinarily shall file an incident report. No waiting period or extra time need be allowed for an inmate who directly and specifically refuses to provide a urine sample. To eliminate the possibility of diluted or adulterated samples, staff shall keep the inmate under direct visual supervision during this two-hour period, or until a complete sample is furnished. To assist the inmate in giving the sample, staff shall offer the inmate eight ounces of water at the beginning of the two-hour time period. An inmate is presumed to be unwilling if the inmate fails to provide a urine sample within the allotted time period. An inmate may rebut this presumption during the disciplinary process.\n(b) Institution staff shall determine whether a justifiable reason exists, (e.g., use of prescribed medication) for any positive urine test result. If the inmate's urine test shows a positive test result for the presence of drugs which cannot be justified, staff shall file an incident report.","path":["Title 28—Judicial Administration","CHAPTER V—BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE","SUBCHAPTER C—INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT","PART 550—DRUG PROGRAMS","Subpart D—Urine Surveillance"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-28.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:25:14Z","sha256":"5429481cbf673919662b444f8ec271f49a3959a0f5f5de004412a18ac348f9ae","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/28-cfr-550.30","next":"us/28-cfr-550.40"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}