{"data":{"id":"us/28-u.s.c.-452","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"28 U.S.C. § 452","heading":"Courts always open; powers unrestricted by expiration of sessions","body":"All courts of the United States shall be deemed always open for the purpose of filing proper papers, issuing and returning process, and making motions and orders. The continued existence or expiration of a session of a court in no way affects the power of the court to do any act or take any proceeding.","path":["Title 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE","CHAPTER 21—GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO COURTS AND JUDGES"],"source_url":"https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/103/xml_usc28@119-103.zip","current_through":"Public Law 119-103 (09/02/2026)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-10T05:58:31Z","sha256":"f42793951a4e409923458b75e180b24f946710aa677d0a8abbf1f4bf9c0b698a","source_id":"us","stale":true,"prev":"us/28-u.s.c.-451","next":"us/28-u.s.c.-453"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}