{"data":{"id":"us/40-cfr-471.54","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"40 CFR 471.54","heading":"Pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES).","body":"Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7 and 403.13, any existing source subject to this subpart which introduces pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works must comply with 40 CFR part 403 and by August 23, 1988 achieve the following pretreatment standards for existing sources (PSES). The mass of wastewater pollutants in refractory metals forming process wastewater introduced into a POTW shall not exceed the following values:\n(a) Rolling spent neat oils and graphite based lubricants—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.\n(b) Rolling spent emulsions.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals rolled with emulsions\nCopper 0.815 0.429\nNickel 0.824 0.545\nFluoride 25.5 11.4\nMolybdenum 2.84 1.47\n(c) Drawing spent lubricants—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.\n(d) Extrusion spent lubricants—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.\n(e) Extrusion press hydraulic fluid leakage.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals extruded\nCopper 2.26 1.19\nNickel 2.29 1.51\nFluoride 70.8 31.4\nMolybdenum 7.87 4.07\n(f) Forging spent lubricants—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.\n(g) Forging contact cooling water.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of forged refractory metals cooled with water\nCopper 0.062 0.033\nNickel 0.062 0.041\nFluoride 1.92 0.853\nMolybdenum 0.214 0.111\n(h) Equipment cleaning wastewater.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals formed\nCopper 0.259 0.136\nNickel 0.261 0.173\nFluoride 8.09 3.59\nMolybdenum 0.899 0.465\n(i) Metal powder production wastewater.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals powder produced\nCopper 0.534 0.281\nNickel 0.540 0.357\nFluoride 16.7 7.42\nMolybdenum 1.86 0.961\n(j) Metal powder production floor wash wastewater—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.\n(k) Metal powder pressing spent lubricants—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.\n(l) Surface treatment spent baths.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals surface treated\nCopper 0.739 0.389\nNickel 0.747 0.494\nFluoride 23.2 10.3\nMolybdenum 2.57 1.33\n(m) Surface treatment rinse.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals surface treated\nCopper 23.0 12.1\nNickel 23.3 15.4\nFluoride 720 320\nMolybdenum 80.0 41.4\n(n) Alkaline cleaning spent baths.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals alkaline cleaned\nCopper 0.635 0.334\nNickel 0.642 0.424\nFluoride 19.9 8.82\nMolybdenum 2.21 1.14\n(o) Alkaline cleaning rinse.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals alkaline cleaned\nCopper 15.5 8.16\nNickel 15.7 10.4\nFluoride 486. 216.0\nMolybdenum 54.0 27.9\n(p) Molten salt rinse.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals treated with molten salt\nCopper 1.20 0.633\nNickel 1.22 0.804\nFluoride 37.7 16.7\nMolybdenum 4.19 2.17\n(q) Tumbling or burnishing wastewater.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals tumbled or burnished\nCopper 2.38 1.25\nNickel 2.40 1.59\nFluoride 74.4 33.0\nMolybdenum 8.27 4.28\n(r) Sawing or grinding spent neat oils—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.\n(s) Sawing or grinding spent emulsions.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals sawed or ground with emulsions\nCopper 0.565 0.297\nNickel 0.570 0.377\nFluoride 17.7 7.84\nMolybdenum 1.97 1.02\n(t) Sawing or grinding contact cooling water.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals sawed or ground with contact cooling water\nCopper 4.62 2.43\nNickel 4.67 3.09\nFluoride 145. 64.2\nMolybdenum 16.1 8.31\n(u) Sawing or grinding rinse.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of sawed or ground refractory metals rinsed\nCopper 0.026 0.014\nNickel 0.026 0.017\nFluoride 0.804 0.357\nMolybdenum 0.089 0.046\n(v) Wet air pollution control blowdown.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals sawed, surface coated or surface treated\nCopper 1.50 0.787\nNickel 1.51 1.00\nFluoride 46.9 20.8\nMolybdenum 5.20 2.69\n(w) Miscellaneous wastewater sources.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals formed\nCopper 0.656 0.345\nNickel 0.663 0.438\nFluoride 20.6 9.11\nMolybdenum 2.28 1.18\n(x) Dye penetrant testing wastewater.\nSubpart E—PSES\nPollutant or pollutant property Maximum for any 1 day Maximum for monthly average\nmg/off-kg (pounds per million off-pounds) of refractory metals product tested\nCopper 0.148 0.078\nNickel 0.149 0.099\nFluoride 4.62 2.05\nMolybdenum 0.513 0.266\n(y) Degreasing spent solvents—subpart E—PSES. There shall be no discharge of process wastewater pollutants.","path":["Title 40—Protection of Environment","CHAPTER I—ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY","SUBCHAPTER N—EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS","PART 471—NONFERROUS METALS FORMING AND METAL POWDERS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY","Subpart E—Refractory Metals Forming Subcategory"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-40.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:26:04Z","sha256":"628b7b424a3febf0cee6b1e1313f83f6ef96f68e45e96497659ce5f86f0fe401","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/40-cfr-471.53","next":"us/40-cfr-471.55"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}