{"data":{"id":"us/40-cfr-86.082-2","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"40 CFR 86.082-2","heading":"-2 Definitions.","body":"(a) The definitions of this section apply to this subpart and also to subparts B, D, I, and R of this part.\n(b) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act:\nAccuracy means the difference between a measurement and true value.\nAct means part A of title II of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. as amended, 7521, et seq.\nAdministrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative.\nAuxiliary Emission Control Device (AECD) means any element of design which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, manifold vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.\nBasic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator.\nBasic vehicle frontal area means the area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis, which includes tires but excludes mirrors and air deflectors, onto a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.\nBody style means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback).\nBody type means a name denoting a group of vehicles that are either in the same car line or in different car lines provided the only reason the vehicles qualify to be considered in different car lines is that they are produced by a separate division of a single manufacturer.\nCalibrating gas means a gas of known concentration which is used to establish the response curve of an analyzer.\nCalibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances, unique to a particular design, version, or application of a component or components assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range.\nCar line means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roofline, number of doors, seats, or windows except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars.\nConfiguration means a subclassification of an engine-system combination on the basis of engine code, inertia weight class, transmission type and gear ratios, final drive ratio, and other parameters which may be designated by the Administrator.\nCrankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the atmosphere from any portion of the engine crankcase ventilation or lubrication systems.\nCurb-idle for manual transmission code heavy-duty engines means the manufacturer's recommended engine speed with the transmission in neutral or with the clutch disengaged. For automatic transmission code heavy-duty engines, curb-idle means the manufacturer's recommended engine speed with the automatic transmission in gear and the output shaft stalled.\nDefeat Device means an AECD that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal urban vehicle operation and use, unless (1) such conditions are substantially included in the Federal emission test procedure, (2) the need for the AECD is justified in terms of protecting the vehicle against damage or accident, or (3) the AECD does not go beyond the requirements of engine starting.\nDiurnal breathing losses means evaporative emissions as a result of the daily range in temperature.\nDrive train configuration means a unique combination of engine code, transmission configuration, and axle ratio.\nDynamometer-idle for automatic transmission code heavy-duty engines means the manufacturer's recommended engine speed without a transmission that simulates the recommended engine speed with a transmission and with the transmission in neutral.\nEngine code means a unique combination, within an engine-system combination, of displacement, carburetor (or fuel injection) calibration, choke calibration, distributor calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator.\nEngine family means the basic classification unit of a manufacturer's product line used for the purpose of test fleet selection and determined in accordance with § 86.082-24.\nEngine family group means a combination of engine families for the purpose of determining a minimum deterioration factor under the Alternative Durability Program.\nEngine-system combination means an engine family-exhaust emission control system combination.\nEPA Enforcement Officer means any officer or employee of the Environmental Protection Agency so designated in writing by the Administrator (or by his designee).\nEvaporative emission code means a unique combination, in an evaporative emission family-evaporative emission control system combination, of purge system calibrations, fuel tank and carburetor bowl vent calibrations and other fuel system and evaporative emission control system components and calibrations specified by the Administrator.\nEvaporative emissions means hydrocarbons emitted into the atmosphere from a motor vehicle, other than exhaust and crankcase emissions.\nEvaporative vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, body type, and evaporative emission code.\nExhaust emissions means substances emitted to the atmosphere from any opening downstream from the exhaust port of a motor vehicle engine.\nFuel evaporative emissions means vaporized fuel emitted into the atmosphere from the fuel system of a motor vehicle.\nFuel system means the combination of fuel tank(s), fuel pump, fuel lines, and carburetor or fuel injection components, and includes all fuel system vents and fuel evaporative emission control system components.\nGross vehicle weight means the manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle.\nGross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle.\nHang-up refers to the process of hydrocarbon molecules being adsorbed, condensed, or by any other method removed from the sample flow prior to reaching the instrument detector. It also refers to any subsequent desorption of the molecules into the sample flow when they are assumed to be absent.\nHeavy-duty engine means any engine which the engine manufacturer could reasonably expect to be used for motive power in a heavy-duty vehicle.\nHeavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle rated at more than 8,500 pounds GVWR or that has a vehicle curb weight of more than 6,000 pounds or that has a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 45 square feet.\nHigh altitude means any elevation over 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).\nHigh-altitude conditions means a test altitude of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet), plus or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equivalent observed barometric test conditions of 83.3 ±1 kilopascals.\nHigh-altitude reference point means an elevation of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet) plus or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equivalent observed barometric test conditions of 83.3 kPa (24.2 inches Hg), plus or minus 1 kPa (0.30 Hg).\nHot-soak losses means evaporative emissions after termination of engine operation.\nIncomplete truck means any truck which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached.\nInertia weight class means the class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.\nIntermediate speed means peak torque speed if peak torque speed occurs between 60 and 75 percent of rated speed. If the peak torque speed is less than 60 percent of rated speed, intermediate speed means 60 percent of rated speed. If the peak torque speed is greater than 75 percent of rated speed, intermediate speed means 75 percent of rated speed.\nLight-duty truck means any motor vehicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR or less which as a vehicle curb weight of 6,000 pounds or less and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or less, which is:\n(1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivation of such a vehicle, or\n(2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a capacity of more than 12 persons, or\n(3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.\nLight-duty vehicle means a passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 passengers or less.\nLoaded vehicle weight means the vehicle curb weight plus 300 pounds.\nLow altitude means any elevation equal to or less than 1,219 meters (4,000 feet).\nLow altitude conditions means a test altitude less than 549 meters (1,800 feet).\nMalfunction means not operating according to specifications (e.g., those specifications listed in the application for certification).\nMaximum rated horsepower means the maximum brake horsepower output of an engine as stated by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature and his application for certification under § 86.082-21.\nMaximum rated torque means the maximum torque produced by an engine as stated by the manufacturer in his sales and service literature and his application for certification under § 86.082-21.\nMilitary engine means any engine manufactured solely for the Department of Defense to meet military specifications.\nModel means a specific combination of car line, body style, and drivetrain configuration.\nModel type means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class.\nModel year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such calendar year: Provided, That if the manufacturer has no annual production period, the term model year shall mean the calendar year.\nNominal fuel tank capacity means the volume of the fuel tank(s), specified by the manufacturer to the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon, which may be filled with fuel from the fuel tank filler inlet.\nOpacity means the fraction of a beam of light, expressed in percent, which fails to penetrate a plume of smoke.\nOption means any available equipment or feature not standard equipment on a model.\nOxides of nitrogen means the sum of the nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide contained in a gas sample as if the nitric oxide were in the form of nitrogen dioxide.\nPeak torque speed means the speed at which an engine develops maximum torque.\nPercent load means the fraction of the maximum available torque at a specified engine speed.\nPrecision means the standard deviation of replicated measurements.\nRated speed means the speed at which the manufacturer specifies the maximum rated horsepower of an engine.\nReconfigured emission-data vehicle means an emission-data vehicle obtained by modifying a previously used emission-data vehicle to represent another emission-data vehicle.\nRound has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001, unless otherwise specified.\nRunning loss means fuel evaporative emissions resulting from an average trip in an urban area or the simulation of such a trip.\nScheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems which is performed on a periodic basis to prevent part failure or vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction.\nSmoke means the matter in the exhaust emission which obscures the transmission of light.\nSpan gas means a gas of known concentration which is used routinely to set the output level of an analyzer.\nStandard equipment means those features or equipment which are marketed on a vehicle over which the purchaser can exercise no choice.\nSystem includes any motor vehicle engine modification which controls or causes the reduction of substances emitted from motor vehicles.\nTank fuel volume means the volume of fuel in the fuel tank(s), which is determined by taking the manufacturer's nominal fuel tank(s) capacity and multiplying by 0.40, the result being rounded using ASTM E 29-67 to the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon.\nTest weight means the weight, within an inertia weight class, which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.\nThrottle means the mechanical linkage which either directly or indirectly controls the fuel flow to the engine.\nTransmission class means the basic type of transmission, e.g., manual, automatic, semiautomatic.\nTransmission configuration means a unique combination, within a transmission class, of the number of the forward gears and, if applicable, overdrive. The Administrator may further subdivide a transmission configuration (based on such criteria as gear ratios, torque convertor multiplication ratio, stall speed and shift calibration, etc.), if he determines that significant fuel economy or exhaust emission differences exist within that transmission configuration.\nUnited States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.\nUnscheduled maintenance means any adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of vehicle components or systems which is performed to correct a part failure or vehicle (if the engine were installed in a vehicle) malfunction.\nUseful life means:\n(1) For light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles, whichever first occurs.\n(2) For gasoline-fueled heavy-duty engines a period of use of 5 years or 50,000 miles of vehicle operation or 1,500 hours of engine operation (or an equivalent period of 1,500 hours of dynamometer operation), whichever first occurs.\n(3) For diesel heavy-duty engines a period of use of 5 years or 100,000 miles of vehicle operation or 3,000 hours of engine operation (or an equivalent period of 1,000 hours of dynamometer operation), whichever first occurs.\nVan means a light-duty truck having an integral enclosure, fully enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying device, and having no body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge of the windshield.\nVehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle ratio.\nVehicle curb weight means the actual or the manufacturer's estimated weight of the vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment, and weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity, and the weight of optional equipment computed in accordance with § 86.082-24; incomplete light-duty trucks shall have the curb weight specified by the manufacturer.\nZero (0) hours means that point after normal assembly line operations and adjustments are completed and before ten (10) additional operating hours have been accumulated, including emission testing, if performed.\nZero (0) miles means that point after initial engine starting (not to exceed 100 miles of vehicle operation, or three hours of engine operation) at which normal assembly line operations and adjustments are completed, and including emission testing, if performed.","path":["Title 40—Protection of Environment","CHAPTER I—ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY","SUBCHAPTER C—AIR PROGRAMS","PART 86—CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES","Subpart A—General Provisions for Heavy-Duty Engines and Heavy-Duty Vehicles"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-40.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:26:04Z","sha256":"182af98166db7678276ec2a510bc083f8879ce7dfd80e963cafb9019c9b229d4","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/40-cfr-86.080-12","next":"us/40-cfr-86.082-34"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}