{"data":{"id":"us/45-cfr-681.22","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"45 CFR 681.22","heading":"Are protective orders available?","body":"(a) A party or prospective witness or deponent may file a motion for a protective order with respect to discovery sought by an opposing party or with respect to the hearing, seeking to limit the availability or disclosure of evidence.\n(b) In issuing a protective order, the ALJ may make any order which justice requires to protect a party or person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense, including one or more of the following:\n(1) That the discovery not be had;\n(2) That the discovery may be had only on specified terms and conditions;\n(3) That the discovery may be had only through a method of discovery other than requested;\n(4) That certain matters not be inquired into, or that the scope of discovery be limited to certain matters;\n(5) That discovery be conducted with no one present except persons designated by the ALJ;\n(6) That the contents of the discovery be sealed;\n(7) That a deposition after being sealed be opened only by order of the ALJ;\n(8) That a trade secret or other confidential research, development, commercial information, or facts pertaining to any criminal investigation, proceeding, or other administrative investigation not be disclosed or be disclosed only in a designated way; or\n(9) That the parties simultaneously file specified documents or information enclosed in sealed envelopes to be opened as directed by the ALJ.","path":["Title 45—Public Welfare","Subtitle B—Regulations Relating to Public Welfare","CHAPTER VI—NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION","PART 681—PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT REGULATIONS"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-45.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:26:21Z","sha256":"6dfa3dcdd06c7a800a8a6611b3ca154f50cb0fbc61856351184fd710d9d8c95d","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/45-cfr-681.21","next":"us/45-cfr-681.23"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}