{"data":{"id":"us/46-cfr-545.4","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"46 CFR 545.4","heading":"Interpretation of Shipping Act of 1984—Unjust and unreasonable practices.","body":"46 U.S.C. 41102(c) is interpreted to require the following elements in order to establish a successful claim for reparations:\n(a) The respondent is an ocean common carrier, marine terminal operator, or ocean transportation intermediary;\n(b) The claimed acts or omissions of the regulated entity are occurring on a normal, customary, and continuous basis;\n(c) The practice or regulation relates to or is connected with receiving, handling, storing, or delivering property;\n(d) The practice or regulation is unjust or unreasonable; and\n(e) The practice or regulation is the proximate cause of the claimed loss.","path":["Title 46—Shipping","CHAPTER IV—FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION","SUBCHAPTER B—REGULATIONS AFFECTING OCEAN SHIPPING IN FOREIGN COMMERCE","PART 545—INTERPRETATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF POLICY"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-46.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:26:22Z","sha256":"d69d59dd8f275db7d09d303082b4013bd67228cb64dc2e0c5d36461ee9fd6f30","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/46-cfr-545.3","next":"us/46-cfr-545.5"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}