{"data":{"id":"us/49-cfr-31.30","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"49 CFR 31.30","heading":"The hearing and burden of proof.","body":"(a) The ALJ shall conduct a hearing on the record in order to determine whether the defendant is liable for a civil penalty or assessment under § 31.3 and, if so, the appropriate amount of any such civil penalty or assessment considering any aggravating or mitigating factors.\n(b) The authority shall prove defendent's liability and any aggravating factors by a preponderance of the evidence.\n(c) The defendant shall prove any affirmative defenses and any mitigating factors by a preponderance of the evidence.\n(d) The hearing shall be open to the public unless otherwise ordered by the ALJ for good cause shown.","path":["Title 49—Transportation","Subtitle A—Office of the Secretary of Transportation","PART 31—PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES"],"source_url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/api/versioner/v1/full/2026-08-25/title-49.xml","current_through":"2026-08-25","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-08-27T02:26:34Z","sha256":"f0ddda40070713626ea2f1eaf483debee168cfb14a7e68506e9e932d2896c421","source_id":"us-cfr","stale":true,"prev":"us/49-cfr-31.29","next":"us/49-cfr-31.31"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}