{"data":{"id":"us/49-u.s.c.-32101","jurisdiction":"us","citation":"49 U.S.C. § 32101","heading":"Definitions","body":"In this part (except chapter 329 and except as provided in section 33101)—(1) “bumper standard” means a minimum performance standard that substantially reduces—(A) the damage to the front or rear end of a passenger motor vehicle from a low-speed collision (including a collision with a fixed barrier) or from towing the vehicle; or (B) the cost of repairing the damage. (2) “insurer” means a person in the business of issuing, or reinsuring any part of, a passenger motor vehicle insurance policy. (3) “interstate commerce” means commerce between a place in a State and—(A) a place in another State; or (B) another place in the same State through another State. (4) “make”, when describing a passenger motor vehicle, means the trade name of the manufacturer of the vehicle. (5) “manufacturer” means a person—(A) manufacturing or assembling passenger motor vehicles or passenger motor vehicle equipment; or (B) importing motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment for resale. (6) “model”, when describing a passenger motor vehicle, means a category of passenger motor vehicles based on the size, style, and type of a make of vehicle. (7) “motor vehicle” means a vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power and manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, and highways, but does not include a vehicle operated only on a rail line. (8) “motor vehicle accident” means an accident resulting from the maintenance or operation of a passenger motor vehicle or passenger motor vehicle equipment. (9) “multipurpose passenger vehicle” means a passenger motor vehicle constructed on a truck chassis or with special features for occasional off-road operation. (10) “passenger motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle with motive power designed to carry not more than 12 individuals, but does not include—(A) a motorcycle; or (B) a truck not designed primarily to carry its operator or passengers. (11) “passenger motor vehicle equipment” means—(A) a system, part, or component of a passenger motor vehicle as originally made; (B) a similar part or component made or sold for replacement or improvement of a system, part, or component, or as an accessory or addition to a passenger motor vehicle; or (C) a device made or sold for use in towing a passenger motor vehicle. (12) “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands. (13) “United States district court” means a district court of the United States, a United States court for Guam, the Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, and the district court for the Northern Mariana Islands.","path":["Title 49—TRANSPORTATION","CHAPTER 321—GENERAL"],"source_url":"https://uscode.house.gov/download/releasepoints/us/pl/119/103/xml_usc49@119-103.zip","current_through":"Public Law 119-103 (09/02/2026)","vintage":"","retrieved_at":"2026-09-10T06:01:06Z","sha256":"66197c537efac3e5ee54a53adb25b2586bac1917fc702424934e33ddaeeaeac1","source_id":"us","stale":false,"prev":"us/49-u.s.c.-31708","next":"us/49-u.s.c.-32102"},"notice":"GroundRules: Original legal text. Not legal advice."}