D.C. Code § 13-338: Prerequisites for order of publication.

An order for the substitution of publication for personal service may not be made until:

(a)

(1)

A summons for the defendant has been issued and returned "not to be found"; and

(2)

The plaintiff proves by affidavit to the satisfaction of the court:

(A)

The nonresidence of the defendant or his or her absence for at least 6 months; or

(B)

Diligent efforts to find the defendant or that the defendant seeks to avoid service of process by concealment.