N.D. Cent. Code § 28-01.4-03: State-of-the-art defense

An aviation manufacturer or seller of aircraft or aircraft components may not be held liable for any personal injury, death, or damage to property sustained as a result of an alleged defect in a state-of-the-art product. An aircraft or aircraft component is presumed to be a state-of-the-art product if the plaintiff cannot show by a preponderance of the evidence that a safer aircraft or aircraft component was on the market at the time of manufacture. No evidence of subsequent design or modification of an aircraft or aircraft component is admissible to prove that an aircraft or aircraft component is not a state-of-the-art product. The state-of-the-art comparisons must be made to products with similar-intended utility. The trier of the fact shall consider the defense that the designer's choice averted greater peril for a large subclass of intended users and shall consider the economic viability of the component or product.