N.Y. Debtor & Creditor Law § 275: When transfer is made or obligation is incurred

§ 275. When transfer is made or obligation is incurred. For the

purposes of this article:

(a) a transfer is made:

(1) with respect to an asset that is real property other than a

fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a

contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far

perfected that a good-faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor

against which applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot

acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the

transferee; and

(2) with respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a

fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a

simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under this

article that is superior to the interest of the transferee;

(b) if applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided

in subdivision (a) of this section and the transfer is not so perfected

before the commencement of an action for relief under this article, the

transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the

action;

(c) if applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as

provided in subdivision (a) of this section, the transfer is made when

it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee;

(d) a transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the

asset transferred; and

(e) an obligation is incurred:

(1) if oral, when it becomes effective between the parties; or

(2) if evidenced by a record, when the record signed by the obligor is

delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.