N.Y. General Business Law § 691: Civil remedies

§ 691. Civil remedies. 1. A person who offers or sells a franchise in

violation of section six hundred eighty-three, six hundred eighty-four

or six hundred eighty-seven of this article is liable to the person

purchasing the franchise for damages and, if such violation is willful

and material, for rescission, with interest at six percent per year from

the date of purchase, and reasonable attorney fees and court costs.

2. A person may not file or maintain suit under this section if the

franchisee or such person received a written offer before suit, and at a

time when he owned the franchise, to refund the consideration paid

together with interest at six percent per year from the date of payment,

less the amount of income earned by the franchisee from the franchise,

conditioned only upon tender by the person of all items received by him

for the consideration and not sold, and failed to accept the offer

within thirty days of its receipt, provided that the offering documents

are submitted to the department for approval at least ten business days

prior to submission to the franchisee. The rescission offer shall recite

the provisions of this section. If the franchise involves a substantial

building or substantial equipment or fixtures and a significant period

of time has elapsed since the sale of the franchise to the franchisee,

the department in approving a rescission offer may approve an equitable

offer recognizing depreciation, amortization, and other factors which

bear upon the value of the franchise being returned to the franchisor.

Nothing in this subdivision shall prohibit settlement of any dispute

arising under or involving claims based on this chapter, with or without

approval of the department.

3. A person who directly or indirectly controls a person liable under

this article, a partner in a firm so liable, a principal executive

officer or director of a corporation so liable, a person occupying a

similar status or performing similar functions, and an employee of a

person so liable, who materially aids in the act of transaction

constituting the violation, is also liable jointly and severally with

and to the same extent as the controlled person, partnership,

corporation or employer. It shall be a defense to any action based upon

such liability that the defendant did not know or could not have known

by the exercise of due diligence the facts upon which the action is

predicated.

4. An action shall not be maintained to enforce a liability created

under this section unless brought before the expiration of three years

after the act or transaction constituting the violation.

5. Except as explicitly provided in this article, civil liability in

favor of any private party shall not arise against a person by

implication from or as a result of the violation of a provision of this

article or a rule, regulation or order hereunder. Nothing in this

article shall limit a liability which may exist by virtue of any other

statute or under common law if this article were not in effect.