N.Y. General Business Law § 777-a: Housing merchant implied warranty

§ 777-a. Housing merchant implied warranty. 1. Notwithstanding the

provisions of section two hundred fifty-one of the real property law, a

housing merchant implied warranty is implied in the contract or

agreement for the sale of a new home and shall survive the passing of

title. A housing merchant implied warranty shall mean that:

a. one year from and after the warranty date the home will be free

from defects due to a failure to have been constructed in a skillful

manner;

b. two years from and after the warranty date the plumbing,

electrical, heating, cooling and ventilation systems of the home will be

free from defects due to a failure by the builder to have installed such

systems in a skillful manner; and

c. six years from and after the warranty date the home will be free

from material defects.

2. Unless the contract or agreement by its terms clearly evidences a

different intention of the seller, a housing merchant implied warranty

does not extend to:

a. any defect that does not constitute (i) defective workmanship by

the builder or by an agent, employee or subcontractor of the builder,

(ii) defective materials supplied by the builder or by an agent,

employee or subcontractor of the builder, or (iii) defective design

provided by a design professional retained exclusively by the builder;

or

b. any patent defect which an examination ought in the circumstances

to have revealed, when the buyer before taking title or accepting

construction as complete has examined the home as fully as the buyer

desired, or has refused to examine the home.

3. In the case of goods sold incidentally with or included in the sale

of the new home, such as stoves, refrigerators, freezers, room air

conditioners, dishwashers, clothes washers and dryers, a housing

merchant implied warranty shall mean that such goods shall be free from

defects due to failure by the builder or any agent, employee or

subcontractor of the builder to have installed such systems in a

skillful manner. Merchantability, fitness and all other implied

warranties with respect to goods shall be governed by part three of

article two of the uniform commercial code and other applicable

statutes.

4. a. Written notice of a warranty claim for breach of a housing

merchant implied warranty must be received by the builder prior to the

commencement of any action under paragraph b of this subdivision and no

later than thirty days after the expiration of the applicable warranty

period, as described in subdivision one of this section. The owner and

occupant of the home shall afford the builder reasonable opportunity to

inspect, test and repair the portion of the home to which the warranty

claim relates.

b. An action for damages or other relief caused by the breach of a

housing merchant implied warranty may be commenced prior to the

expiration of one year after the applicable warranty period, as

described in subdivision one of this section, or within four years after

the warranty date, whichever is later. In addition to the foregoing, if

the builder makes repairs in response to a warranty claim under

paragraph a of this subdivision, an action with respect to such claim

may be commenced within one year after the last date on which such

repairs are performed. The measure of damages shall be the reasonable

cost of repair or replacement and property damage to the home

proximately caused by the breach of warranty, not to exceed the

replacement cost of the home exclusive of the value of the land, unless

the court finds that, under the circumstances, the diminution in value

of the home caused by the defect is a more equitable measure of damages.

c. In addition to any other period for the commencement of an action

permitted by law, an action for contribution or indemnification may be

commenced at any time prior to the expiration of one year after the

entry of judgment in an action for damages under paragraph b of this

subdivision.

5. Except as otherwise provided in section seven hundred

seventy-seven-b of this article, any provision of a contract or

agreement for the sale of a new home which excludes or modifies a

housing merchant implied warranty shall be void as contrary to public

policy.

6. Except as otherwise provided in section seven hundred

seventy-seven-b of this article, other implied warranties may arise from

the terms of the contract or agreement or from course of dealing or

usage of trade.