N.Y. General City Model 772/66 § 83: Collection, levy and liens

§ 83. Collection, levy and liens.--1. Collection procedures.--The

taxes imposed by the named parts shall be collected by the director of

finance, and he may establish the mode or time for the collection of any

amount due him thereunder if not otherwise specified. The director of

finance shall, upon request, give a receipt for any sum collected

thereunder. The director of finance may authorize banks or trust

companies which are depositaries or financial agents of the city to

receive and give a receipt for any tax imposed under the named parts in

such manner, at such times, and under such conditions as the director of

finance may prescribe; and the director of finance shall prescribe the

manner, times and conditions under which the receipt of such tax by such

banks and trust companies is to be treated as payment of such tax to the

director of finance.

2. Notice and demand for tax.--The director of finance shall as soon

as practicable give notice to each taxpayer liable for any amount of

tax, addition to tax, penalty or interest, which has been assessed but

remains unpaid, stating the amount and demanding payment thereof. Such

notice shall be left at the principal office of the taxpayer in the city

or shall be sent by mail to such taxpayer's last known address. Except

where the director of finance determines that collection would be

jeopardized by delay, if any tax is assessed prior to the last date

(including any date fixed by extension) prescribed for payment of such

tax, payment of such tax shall not be demanded until after such date.

3. Issuance of warrant after notice and demand.--If any corporation or

other person liable under the named parts for the payment of any tax,

addition to tax, penalty or interest neglects or refuses to pay the same

within ten days after notice and demand therefor is given to such

corporation or other person under subdivision two, the director of

finance may within six years after the date of such assessment issue a

warrant under his official seal directed to the sheriff of any county of

the state, or to any officer or employee of the department of finance,

commanding him to levy upon and sell the real and personal property of

such corporation or other person for the payment of the amount assessed,

with the cost of executing the warrant, and to return such warrant to

the director of finance and pay to him the money collected by virtue

thereof within sixty days after the receipt of the warrant. If the

director of finance finds that the collection of the tax or other amount

is in jeopardy, notice and demand for immediate payment of such tax may

be made by the director of finance and upon failure or refusal to pay

such tax or other amount the director of finance may issue a warrant

without regard to the ten-day period provided in this subdivision.

4. Copy of warrant to be filed and lien to be created.--Any sheriff or

officer or employee who receives a warrant under subdivision three shall

within five days thereafter file a copy with the clerk of the

appropriate county. The clerk shall thereupon enter in the judgment

docket, in the column for judgment debtors, the name of the taxpayer

mentioned in the warrant, and in appropriate columns the tax or other

amounts for which the warrant is issued and the date when such copy is

filed; and such amount shall thereupon be a binding lien upon the real,

personal and other property of the taxpayer.

5. Judgment.--When a warrant has been filed with the county clerk the

director of finance shall, on behalf of the city, be deemed to have

obtained judgment against the taxpayer for the tax or other amounts.

6. Execution.--The sheriff or officer or employee shall thereupon

proceed upon the judgment in all respects, with like effect, and in the

same manner prescribed by law in respect to executions issued against

property upon judgments of a court of record, and a sheriff shall be

entitled to the same fees for his services in executing the warrant, to

be collected in the same manner. An officer or employee of the

department of finance may proceed in any county or counties of this

state and shall have all the powers of execution conferred by law upon

sheriffs, but shall be entitled to no fee or compensation in excess of

actual expenses paid in connection with the execution of the warrant.

7. Foreign corporations.--Where a notice and demand under subdivision

two shall have been given to a foreign corporation or other person who

is not then a resident, and it appears to the director of finance that

it is not practicable to find in the state property of such foreign

corporation or nonresident person sufficient to pay the entire balance

of tax or other amount owing by such foreign corporation or nonresident

person, the director of finance may, in accordance with subdivision

three, issue a warrant directed to an officer or employee of the

department of finance, a copy of which warrant shall be mailed by

certified or registered mail to such foreign corporation or nonresident

person at its last known address, subject to the rules for mailing

provided in subdivision one of section seventy-two. Such warrant shall

command the officer or employee to proceed in New York county, and he

shall, within five days after receipt of the warrant, file the warrant

and obtain a judgment in accordance with this section. Thereupon the

director of finance may authorize the institution of any action or

proceeding to collect or enforce the judgment in any place and by any

procedure that a civil judgment of the supreme court of the state of New

York could be collected or enforced. The director of finance may also,

in his discretion, designate agents or retain counsel for the purpose of

collecting, outside the state, any unpaid taxes, additions to tax,

penalties or interest which have been assessed under this part or under

any of the named parts, against foreign corporations or other

non-resident persons, may fix the compensation of such agents and

counsel to be paid out of money appropriated or otherwise lawfully

available for payment thereof, and may require of them bonds or other

security for the faithful performance of their duties, in such form and

in such amount as the director of finance shall deem proper and

sufficient.

8. Action by city for recovery of taxes.--Action may be brought by the

corporation counsel at the instance of the director of finance to

recover the amount of any unpaid taxes, additions to tax, penalties or

interest which have been assessed under this part or under the named

parts within six years prior to the date the action is commenced.

9. Release of lien.--The director of finance, if it finds that the

interests of the city will not thereby be jeopardized, and upon such

conditions as it may require, may release any property from the lien of

any warrant filed under subdivision four or seven for unpaid taxes,

additions to tax, penalties and interest filed pursuant to this section,

and such release may be recorded in the office of any recording officer

in which such warrant has been filed.

10. Lien from due date of return.--(a) In addition to any other lien

provided for in this section, each tax imposed by the named parts shall

become a lien on the date on which the return is required to be filed

(without regard to any extension of time for filing such return), except

that such tax shall become a lien not later than the date the taxpayer

ceases to be subject to the tax imposed by any of the named parts, or to

do business in this state in a corporate or organized capacity. Each

such tax shall be a lien and binding upon the real and personal property

of the taxpayer, or of a transferee liable to pay the same, until the

same is paid in full, except that no lien for any additional tax

assessed pursuant to this part shall be enforceable against property

which prior to the issuance to the taxpayer of a notice of deficiency

under section seventy-two had been transferred in good faith to a bona

fide transferee for value. But the lien of each such tax shall be

subject to the lien of any mortgage indebtedness existing against real

property previous to the time when the tax became a lien and where such

mortgage indebtedness has been incurred in good faith and was not given,

directly or indirectly, to any officer or stockholder of the corporation

owning such real property, whether as a purchase money mortgage or

otherwise, and shall also be subject to the lien of local taxes and

assessments, without regard to when the lien for such taxes and

assessments may have accrued. If the return is filed and the tax shown

on the report to be due is paid on or before the date on which the

report is required to be filed, without regard to any extensions of time

for filing such report, the lien shall not be enforceable against the

interest of any purchaser or mortgagee in property which is thereafter,

but prior to the issuance to the taxpayer of a notice of deficiency

under section seventy-two transferred to a bona fide purchaser for

value, or mortgaged where the mortgage indebtedness is incurred in good

faith and the mortgage is not given, directly or indirectly, to any

officer or stockholder of the corporation. In any action to foreclose

any such mortgage, or to foreclose the lien of local taxes or

assessments, to which the people of the state, or the city shall have

been made a party defendant by reason of the existence of a lien for any

such tax, or if no such tax was due or was a lien at the time of the

commencement of such action and the filing of the notice of pendency

thereof, but such a tax becomes due or becomes a lien subsequent to the

time of the commencement of such action and the filing of the notice of

pendency thereof, such real property shall be sold and conveyed in such

action free from any such tax lien, and any such tax lien may become a

lien on any surplus moneys which may result from such sale, to be

determined in the proceedings for the distribution of such surplus

moneys. Where title to real property passes from an individual, or from

a corporation owing no tax, to another corporation which is in default

for such tax, the lien herein provided shall not be enforceable except

as to any equity after the prior mortgage or purchase money mortgage

encumbrance.

(b) The director of finance may, upon application made to him and the

payment of a fee of five dollars, release any real property from the

lien under this subdivision, provided payment be made to the director of

finance of such a sum as the director of finance shall deem adequate

consideration for such release, or deposit be made of such security or

such bond be filed as the director of finance shall deem proper to

secure payment of any such tax. The application for such release shall

contain an accurate description of the property to be released together

with such information as the director of finance may require. Such

release may be recorded in any office in which conveyances of real

estate are entitled to be recorded.

(c) All taxes, additions to tax, penalties and interest which have

become a lien under this subdivision shall, after the expiration of ten

years from date they become due and payable, cease to be a lien (1) as

to real estate in the hands of persons who are owners thereof who would

be purchasers in good faith but for such taxes, additions to tax,

penalties or interest and (2) as to the lien on real estate of mortgages

held by persons who would be holders thereof in good faith but for such

taxes, additions to tax, penalties or interest, as against such

purchasers or holders. The limitations herein provided for shall not

apply to any transfer from a corporation to a person or corporation with

intent to avoid payment of any taxes, or where with like intent the

transfer is made to a grantee corporation, or any subsequent grantee

corporation, controlled by such grantor or which has any community of

interest with it, either through stock ownership or otherwise.