N.Y. Tax Law § 208: Definitions

§ 208. Definitions. As used in this article:

1. The term "corporation" includes (a) an association within the

meaning of paragraph three of subsection (a) of section seventy-seven

hundred one of the internal revenue code (including a limited liability

company), (b) a joint-stock company or association, (c) a publicly

traded partnership treated as a corporation for purposes of the internal

revenue code pursuant to section seventy-seven hundred four thereof and

(d) any business conducted by a trustee or trustees wherein interest or

ownership is evidenced by certificate or other written instrument.

"DISC" and "former DISC" mean any corporation which meets the

requirements of subsection (a) of section nine hundred ninety-two of the

internal revenue code.

1-A. The term "New York S corporation" means, with respect to any

taxable year, a corporation subject to tax under this article for which

an election is in effect pursuant to subsection (a) of section six

hundred sixty of this chapter for such year, any such year shall be

denominated a "New York S year", and such election shall be denominated

a "New York S election". The term "New York C corporation" means, with

respect to any taxable year, a corporation subject to tax under this

article which is not a New York S corporation, and any such year shall

be denominated a "New York C year". The term "termination year" means

any taxable year of a corporation during which the New York S election

terminates on a day other than the first day of such year. The portion

of the taxable year ending before the first day for which such

termination is effective shall be denominated the "S short year", and

the portion of such year beginning on such first day shall be

denominated the "C short year". The term "New York S termination year"

means any termination year which is not also an S termination year for

federal purposes.

1-B. The term "QSSS" means a corporation which is a qualified

subchapter S subsidiary as defined in subparagraph (B) of paragraph

three of subsection (b) of section thirteen hundred sixty-one of the

internal revenue code. The term "exempt QSSS" means a QSSS exempt from

tax under this article as provided in paragraph (k) of subdivision nine

of this section, or a QSSS described in subclause (i) of clause (B) of

subparagraph two of paragraph (k) of subdivision nine of this section,

wherein the parent corporation of the QSSS is subject to tax under this

article, and the assets, liabilities, income and deductions of the QSSS

are treated as the assets, liabilities, income and deductions of the

parent corporation. Where a QSSS is an exempt QSSS, then for all

purposes under this article:

(a) the assets, liabilities, income, deductions, property, payroll,

receipts, capital, credits, and all other tax attributes and elements of

economic activity of the QSSS shall be deemed to be those of the parent

corporation,

(b) the stocks, bonds and other securities issued by, and any

indebtedness from, the QSSS shall not be investment or business capital

of the parent corporation,

(c) transactions between the parent corporation and the QSSS,

including the payment of interest and dividends, shall not be taken into

account, and

(d) general executive officers of the QSSS shall be deemed to be

general executive officers of the parent corporation.

2. The term "taxpayer" means any corporation subject to tax under this

article.

3. The term "subsidiary" means a corporation of which over fifty

percent of the number of shares of stock entitling the holders thereof

to vote for the election of directors or trustees is owned by the

taxpayer.

4. The term "stock" means an interest in a corporation that is treated

as equity for federal income tax purposes.

5. (a) The term "investment capital" means investments in stocks that

(i) satisfy the definition of a capital asset under section 1221 of the

internal revenue code at all times the taxpayer owned such stock during

the taxable year, (ii) are held by the taxpayer for investment for more

than one year, (iii) the dispositions of which are, or would be, treated

by the taxpayer as generating long-term capital gains or losses under

the internal revenue code, (iv) for stocks acquired on or after January

first, two thousand fifteen, at any time after the close of the day in

which they are acquired, have never been held for sale to customers in

the regular course of business, and (v) before the close of the day on

which the stock was acquired, are clearly identified in the taxpayer's

records as stock held for investment in the same manner as required

under section 1236(a)(1) of the internal revenue code for the stock of a

dealer in securities to be eligible for capital gain treatment (whether

or not the taxpayer is a dealer of securities subject to section 1236),

provided, however, that for stock acquired prior to October first, two

thousand fifteen that was not subject to section 1236(a) of the internal

revenue code, such identification in the taxpayer's records must occur

before October first, two thousand fifteen. Stock in a corporation that

is conducting a unitary business with the taxpayer, stock in a

corporation that is included in a combined report with the taxpayer

pursuant to the commonly owned group election in subdivision three of

section two hundred ten-C of this article, and stock issued by the

taxpayer shall not constitute investment capital. For purposes of this

subdivision, if the taxpayer owns or controls, directly or indirectly,

less than twenty percent of the voting power of the stock of a

corporation, that corporation will be presumed to be conducting a

business that is not unitary with the business of the taxpayer.

(b) There shall be deducted from investment capital any liabilities

which are directly or indirectly attributable to investment capital. If

the amount of those liabilities exceeds the amount of investment

capital, the amount of investment capital will be zero.

(c) Investment capital shall not include any such investments the

income from which is excluded from entire net income pursuant to the

provisions of paragraph (c-1) of subdivision nine of this section, and

that investment capital shall be computed without regard to liabilities

directly or indirectly attributable to such investments, but only if air

carriers organized in the United States and operating in the foreign

country or countries in which the taxpayer has its major base of

operations and in which it is organized, resident or headquartered (if

not in the same country as its major base of operations) are not subject

to any tax based on or measured by capital imposed by such foreign

country or countries or any political subdivision thereof, or if taxed,

are provided an exemption, equivalent to that provided for herein, from

any tax based on or measured by capital imposed by such foreign country

or countries and from any such tax imposed by any political subdivision

thereof.

(d) If a taxpayer acquires stock that is a capital asset under section

1221 of the internal revenue code during the taxable year and owns that

stock on the last day of the taxable year, it will be presumed, solely

for purposes of determining whether that stock should be classified as

investment capital after it is acquired, that the taxpayer held that

stock for more than one year. However, if the taxpayer does not in fact

own that stock at the time it actually files its original report for the

taxable year in which it acquired the stock, then the presumption in the

preceding sentence shall not apply and the actual period of time during

which the taxpayer owned the stock shall be used to determine whether

the stock should be classified as investment capital after it is

acquired. If the taxpayer relies on the presumption in the first

sentence of this paragraph but does not own the stock for more than one

year, the taxpayer must increase its total business capital in the

immediately succeeding taxable year by the amount included in investment

capital for that stock, net of any liabilities attributable to that

stock computed as provided in paragraph (b) of this subdivision and must

increase its business income in the immediately succeeding taxable year

by the amount of income and net gains (but not less than zero) from that

stock included in investment income, less any interest deductions

directly or indirectly attributable to that stock, as provided in

subdivision six of this section.

(e) When income or gain from a debt obligation or other security

cannot be apportioned to the state using the apportionment factor

determined under section two hundred ten-A of this article as a result

of United States constitutional principles, the debt obligation or other

security will be included in investment capital.

6. (a) (i) The term "investment income" means income, including

capital gains in excess of capital losses, from investment capital, to

the extent included in computing entire net income, less, in the

discretion of the commissioner, any interest deductions allowable in

computing entire net income which are directly or indirectly

attributable to investment capital or investment income, provided,

however, that in no case shall investment income exceed entire net

income. (ii) If the amount of interest deductions subtracted under

subparagraph (i) of this paragraph exceeds investment income, the excess

of such amount over investment income must be added back to entire net

income. (iii) If the taxpayer's investment income determined without

regard to the interest deductions subtracted under subparagraph (i) of

this paragraph comprises more than eight percent of the taxpayer's

entire net income, investment income determined without regard to such

interest deductions cannot exceed eight percent of the taxpayer's entire

net income.

(b) In lieu of subtracting from investment income the amount of those

interest deductions, the taxpayer may make a revocable election to

reduce its total investment income, determined after applying the

limitation in subparagraph (iii) of paragraph (a) of this subdivision,

by forty percent. If the taxpayer makes this election, the taxpayer must

also make the elections provided for in paragraphs (b) and (c) of

subdivision six-a of this section. If the taxpayer subsequently revokes

this election, the taxpayer must revoke the elections provided for in

paragraphs (b) and (c) of subdivision six-a of this section. A taxpayer

that does not make this election because it has no investment capital

will not be precluded from making those other elections.

(c) Investment income shall not include any amount treated as

dividends pursuant to section seventy-eight of the internal revenue

code.

6-a. (a) The term "other exempt income" means the sum of exempt CFC

income and exempt unitary corporation dividends.

(b) "Exempt CFC income" means (i) except to the extent described in

subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, the income required to be included

in the taxpayer's federal gross income pursuant to subsection (a) of

section 951 of the internal revenue code, received from a corporation

that is conducting a unitary business with the taxpayer but is not

included in a combined report with the taxpayer, (ii) such income

required to be included in the taxpayer's federal gross income pursuant

to subsection (a) of such section 951 of the internal revenue code by

reason of subsection (a) of section 965 of the internal revenue code, as

adjusted by subsection (b) of section 965 of the internal revenue code,

and without regard to subsection (c) of such section, received from a

corporation that is not included in a combined report with the taxpayer,

and (iii) ninety-five percent of the income required to be included in

the taxpayer's federal gross income pursuant to subsection (a) of

section 951A of the internal revenue code, without regard to the

deduction under section 250 of the internal revenue code, received from

a corporation that is not included in a combined report with the

taxpayer, less, (iv) in the discretion of the commissioner, any interest

deductions directly or indirectly attributable to that income. In lieu

of subtracting from its exempt CFC income the amount of those interest

deductions, the taxpayer may make a revocable election to reduce its

total exempt CFC income by forty percent. If the taxpayer makes this

election, the taxpayer must also make the elections provided for in

paragraph (b) of subdivision six of this section and paragraph (c) of

this subdivision. If the taxpayer subsequently revokes this election,

the taxpayer must revoke the elections provided for in paragraph (b) of

subdivision six of this section and paragraph (c) of this subdivision. A

taxpayer which does not make this election because it has no exempt CFC

income will not be precluded from making those other elections. The

income described in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph shall

not constitute investment income. The income described in subparagraph

(iii) of this paragraph shall not constitute exempt unitary corporation

dividends.

(c) "Exempt unitary corporation dividends" means those dividends from

a corporation that is conducting a unitary business with the taxpayer

but is not included in a combined report with the taxpayer, less, in the

discretion of the commissioner, any interest deductions directly or

indirectly attributable to such income. Other than dividend income

received from corporations that are taxable under a franchise tax

imposed by article nine or article thirty-three of this chapter or would

be taxable under a franchise tax imposed by article nine or article

thirty-three of this chapter if subject to tax, in lieu of subtracting

from this dividend income those interest deductions, the taxpayer may

make a revocable election to reduce the total amount of this dividend

income by forty percent. If the taxpayer makes this election, the

taxpayer must also make the elections provided for in paragraph (b) of

subdivision six of this section and paragraph (b) of this subdivision.

If the taxpayer subsequently revokes this election, the taxpayer must

also revoke the elections provided for in paragraph (b) of subdivision

six of this section and paragraph (b) of this subdivision. A taxpayer

which does not make this election because it has not received any exempt

unitary corporation dividends or is precluded from making this election

for dividends received from corporations taxable under a franchise tax

imposed by article nine or article thirty-three of this chapter or would

be taxable under a franchise tax imposed by article nine or article

thirty-three of this chapter if subject to tax will not be precluded

from making those other elections.

(d) If the taxpayer attributes interest deductions to other exempt

income and the amount subtracted exceeds other exempt income, the excess

of the interest deductions over other exempt income must be added back

to entire net income. In no case shall other exempt income exceed entire

net income.

(e) Other exempt income shall not include any amount treated as

dividends pursuant to section seventy-eight of the internal revenue

code.

7. (a) The term "business capital" means all assets, other than

investment capital and stock issued by the taxpayer, less liabilities

not deducted from investment capital. Business capital shall include

only those assets the income, loss or expense of which are properly

reflected (or would have been properly reflected if not fully

depreciated or expensed or depreciated or expensed to a nominal amount)

in the computation of entire net income for the taxable year.

(b) Provided, however, "business capital" shall not include assets to

the extent employed for the purpose of generating income which is

excluded from entire net income pursuant to the provisions of paragraph

(c-1) of subdivision nine of this section and shall be computed without

regard to liabilities directly or indirectly attributable to such

assets, but only if air carriers organized in the United States and

operating in the foreign country or countries in which the taxpayer has

its major base of operations and in which it is organized, resident or

headquartered (if not in the same country as its major base of

operations) are not subject to any tax based on or measured by capital

imposed by such foreign country or countries or any political

subdivision thereof, or if taxed, are provided an exemption, equivalent

to that provided for herein, from any tax based on or measured by

capital imposed by such foreign country or countries and from any such

tax imposed by any political subdivision thereof.

8. The term "business income" means entire net income minus investment

income and other exempt income. In no event shall the sum of investment

income and other exempt income exceed entire net income. If the taxpayer

makes the election provided for in subparagraph one of paragraph (a) of

subdivision five of section two hundred ten-A of this article, then all

income from qualified financial instruments shall constitute business

income.

8-A. Provided, however, that with respect to a DISC or a former DISC,

the following provisions shall apply:

(a) investments in the stocks, bonds or other securities of a DISC or

any indebtedness from a DISC shall not be treated as investment capital

under subdivision five of this section,

(b) any amounts deemed distributed from a DISC or a former DISC which

are taxable as dividends pursuant to subsection (b) of section nine

hundred ninety-five of the internal revenue code of nineteen hundred

fifty-four shall be treated as business income, except any such amounts

from a former DISC attributable to amounts includible in a taxpayer's

entire net income for a prior taxable year under subparagraph (B) of

paragraph (i) of subdivision nine of this section shall be excluded from

entire net income,

(c) any gain recognized for federal income tax purposes on the

disposition of stock in a DISC, and any gain recognized on the

disposition of stock in a former DISC, includible in gross income as a

dividend pursuant to subsection (c) of section nine hundred ninety-five

of the internal revenue code of nineteen hundred fifty-four, shall be

treated as business income, and

(d) except as provided in paragraph (i) of subdivision nine of this

section, any actual distribution from a DISC or a former DISC shall be

treated as business income except an actual distribution which for

federal income tax purposes is treated as made out of "other earnings

and profits" under section nine hundred ninety-six of the internal

revenue code of nineteen hundred fifty-four, in which case such actual

distribution shall be treated as investment income under this article.

9. The term "entire net income" means total net income from all

sources, which shall be presumably the same as the entire taxable

income, which, except as hereinafter provided in this subdivision,

(i) the taxpayer is required to report to the United States treasury

department, or

(ii) the taxpayer would have been required to report to the United

States treasury department if it had not made an election under

subchapter s of chapter one of the internal revenue code, or

(iii) the taxpayer, in the case of a corporation which is exempt from

federal income tax (other than the tax on unrelated business taxable

income imposed under section 511 of the internal revenue code) but which

is subject to tax under this article, would have been required to report

to the United States treasury department but for such exemption, or

(iv) in the case of an alien corporation that under any provision of

the internal revenue code is not treated as a "domestic corporation" as

defined in section seven thousand seven hundred one of such code is

effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the

United States as determined under section 882 of the Internal Revenue

Code.

(a) Entire net income shall not include:

(3) bona fide gifts,

(4) income and deductions with respect to amounts received from school

districts and from corporations and associations, organized and operated

exclusively for religious, charitable or educational purposes, no part

of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any private

shareholder or individual, for the operation of school buses,

(5) (i) any refund or credit of a tax imposed under this article,

article twenty-three, or former article thirty-two of this chapter, for

which tax no exclusion or deduction was allowed in determining the

taxpayer's entire net income under this article, article twenty-three,

or former article thirty-two of this chapter for any prior year, or (ii)

any refund or credit of a tax imposed under sections one hundred

eighty-three, one hundred eighty-three-a, one hundred eighty-four or one

hundred eighty-four-a of this chapter;

(6) any amount treated as dividends pursuant to section seventy-eight

of the internal revenue code to the extent that such dividends are not

deducted under section two hundred fifty of such code;

(7) that portion of wages and salaries paid or incurred for the

taxable year for which a deduction is not allowed pursuant to the

provisions of section two hundred eighty-C of the internal revenue code.

(9) for taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, nineteen

hundred eighty-one, except with respect to property which is a qualified

mass commuting vehicle described in subparagraph (D) of paragraph eight

of subsection (f) of section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal

revenue code (relating to qualified mass commuting vehicles) and

property of a taxpayer principally engaged in the conduct of aviation

(other than air freight forwarders acting as principal and like indirect

air carriers) which is placed in service before taxable years beginning

in nineteen hundred eighty-nine, any amount which is included in the

taxpayer's federal taxable income solely as a result of an election made

pursuant to the provisions of such paragraph eight as it was in effect

for agreements entered into prior to January first, nineteen hundred

eighty-four;

(10) for taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, nineteen

hundred eighty-one, except with respect to property which is a qualified

mass commuting vehicle described in subparagraph (D) of paragraph eight

of subsection (f) of section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal

revenue code (relating to qualified mass commuting vehicles) and

property of a taxpayer principally engaged in the conduct of aviation

(other than air freight forwarders acting as principal and like indirect

air carriers) which is placed in service before taxable years beginning

in nineteen hundred eighty-nine, any amount which the taxpayer could

have excluded from federal taxable income had it not made the election

provided for in such paragraph eight as it was in effect for agreements

entered into prior to January first, nineteen hundred eighty-four;

(11) the amount deductible pursuant to paragraph (j) of this

subdivision; and

(12) upon the disposition of property to which paragraph (j) of this

subdivision applies, the amount, if any, by which the aggregate of the

amounts described in subparagraph ten of paragraph (b) of this

subdivision attributable to such property exceeds the aggregate of the

amounts described in paragraph (j) of this subdivision attributable to

such property; and

(14) The amount deductible pursuant to paragraph (l) of this

subdivision.

(16) In the case of a taxpayer subject to the modification provided by

subparagraph sixteen of paragraph (b) of this subdivision, the amount

required to be recaptured pursuant to subsection (d) of section 179 of

the internal revenue code with respect to property upon which such

modification was based.

(17) for taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, two

thousand two, the amount deductible pursuant to paragraph (n-1) of this

subdivision.

(18) the amount of income or gain included in federal taxable income

of a taxpayer that is a partner in a qualified entity or is a qualified

entity that is located both within and without a New York state

innovation hot spot, to the extent that the income or gain is

attributable to the operations of a qualified entity at or as part of

the New York state innovation hot spot as provided in section

thirty-eight of this chapter.

(19) the amount computed pursuant to paragraph (r), (s) or (t) of this

subdivision, but only the amount determined pursuant to one of such

paragraphs.

(20) Any amount excepted, for purposes of subsection (a) of section

one hundred eighteen of the internal revenue code, from the term

"contribution to the capital of the taxpayer" by paragraph two of

subsection (b) of section one hundred eighteen of the internal revenue

code.

(21) The amount of any gain added back to determine entire net income

in a previous taxable year pursuant to subparagraph twenty-seven of

paragraph (b) of subdivision nine of this section that is included in

federal gross income for the taxable year.

(22) Grants received pursuant to the COVID-19 pandemic small business

recovery grant program, established in section 16-ff of the New York

state urban development corporation act, to the extent includable in

federal taxable income.

(23) The amount of any federal deduction disallowed pursuant to

section 280E of the internal revenue code related to the production and

distribution of adult-use cannabis products, as defined by article

twenty-C of this chapter, not used as the basis for any other tax

deduction, exemption, or credit and not otherwise required to be added

back by paragraph (b) of this subdivision in computing entire net

income.

(24) For taxable years beginning on or after January first, two

thousand twenty-five, in the case of qualified production property

described in paragraph two of subsection (n) of section one hundred

sixty-eight of the internal revenue code, the amount of any deduction

allowed pursuant to subsection (a) of section one hundred sixty-seven of

the internal revenue code as if the taxpayer has not made an election

pursuant to subsection (n) of section one hundred sixty-eight of the

internal revenue code.

(25) For taxable years beginning on or after January first, two

thousand twenty-five, the amount of any foreign and domestic research or

experimental expenditures, as defined in sections one hundred

seventy-four and 174A of the internal revenue code, paid or incurred in

each taxable year on and after January first, two thousand twenty-five,

amortized over a sixty-month period as if the election in subsection (c)

of section 174A of the internal revenue code applied to such foreign and

domestic research or experimental expenditures.

(26) For taxable years beginning on or after January first, two

thousand twenty-five, the remaining amount of any foreign and domestic

research or experimental expenditures, as defined in sections one

hundred seventy-four and 174A of the internal revenue code, paid or

incurred prior to January first, two thousand twenty-five, determined as

if section one hundred seventy-four of the internal revenue code in

effect as of January first, two thousand twenty-two, applied to such

expenditures.

(b) Entire net income shall be determined without the exclusion,

deduction or credit of:

(1) in the case of an alien corporation that under any provision of

the internal revenue code is not treated as a "domestic corporation" as

defined in section seven thousand seven hundred one of such code, (i)

any part of any income from dividends or interest on any kind of stock,

securities or indebtedness, but only if such income is treated as

effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the

United States pursuant to section 864 of the internal revenue code, (ii)

any income exempt from federal taxable income under any treaty

obligation of the United States, but only if such income would be

treated as effectively connected in absence of such exemption provided

that such treaty obligation does not preclude the taxation of such

income by a state, or (iii) any income which would be treated as

effectively connected if such income were not excluded from gross income

pursuant to subsection (a) of section 103 of the internal revenue code;

(2) any part of any income from dividends or interest on any kind of

stock, securities or indebtedness,

(3) taxes on or measured by profits or income paid or accrued to the

United States or any of its possessions, territories or commonwealths,

including taxes in lieu of any of the foregoing taxes otherwise

generally imposed by any possession, territory or commonwealth of the

United States,

(3-a) taxes on or measured by profits or income, or which include

profits or income as a measure, paid or accrued to any other state of

the United States, or any political subdivision thereof, or to the

District of Columbia, including taxes expressly in lieu of any of the

foregoing taxes otherwise generally imposed by any other state of the

United States, or any political subdivision thereof, or the District of

Columbia;

(4) taxes imposed under this article and article thirty-two as in

effect on December thirty-first, two thousand fourteen and sections one

hundred eighty-three, one hundred eighty-three-a, one hundred

eighty-four and one hundred eighty-four-a of this chapter,

(4-a)(A) in those instances where a credit for the special additional

mortgage recording tax credit is allowed under subdivision nine of

section two hundred ten-B of this article, the amount allowed as an

exclusion or deduction for the special additional mortgage recording tax

imposed by subdivision one-a of section two hundred fifty-three of this

chapter in determining the entire taxable income which the taxpayer is

required to report to the United States treasury department, and (B)

unless the credit allowed pursuant to subdivision nine of section two

hundred ten-B of this article is reflected in the computation of the

gain or loss so as to result in an increase in such gain or decrease of

such loss, for federal income tax purposes, from the sale or other

disposition of the property with respect to which the special additional

mortgage recording tax imposed pursuant to subdivision one-a of section

two hundred fifty-three of this chapter was paid, the amount of the

special additional mortgage recording tax imposed by subdivision one-a

of section two hundred fifty-three of this chapter which was paid and

which is reflected in the computation of the basis of the property so as

to result in a decrease in such gain or increase in such loss for

federal income tax purposes from the sale or other disposition of the

property with respect to which such tax was paid.

(6) any amount allowed as a deduction for the taxable year under

section 172 of the internal revenue code, including carryovers of

deductions from prior taxable years.

(8) for taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, nineteen

hundred eighty-one, except with respect to property which is a qualified

mass commuting vehicle described in subparagraph (D) of paragraph eight

of subsection (f) of section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal

revenue code (relating to qualified mass commuting vehicles) and

property of a taxpayer principally engaged in the conduct of aviation

(other than air freight forwarders acting as principal and like indirect

air carriers) which is placed in service before taxable years beginning

in nineteen hundred eighty-nine, any amount which the taxpayer claimed

as a deduction in computing its federal taxable income solely as a

result of an election made pursuant to the provisions of such paragraph

eight as it was in effect for agreements entered into prior to January

first, nineteen hundred eighty-four;

(9) for taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, nineteen

hundred eighty-one, except with respect to property which is a qualified

mass commuting vehicle described in subparagraph (D) of paragraph eight

of subsection (f) of section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal

revenue code (relating to qualified mass commuting vehicles) and

property of a taxpayer principally engaged in the conduct of aviation

(other than air freight forwarders acting as principal and like indirect

air carriers) which is placed in service before taxable years beginning

in nineteen hundred eighty-nine, any amount which the taxpayer would

have been required to include in the computation of its federal taxable

income had it not made the election permitted pursuant to such paragraph

eight as it was in effect for agreements entered into prior to January

first, nineteen hundred eighty-four;

(10) in the case of property placed in service in taxable years

beginning before nineteen hundred ninety-four, for taxable years

beginning after December thirty-first, nineteen hundred eighty-one,

except with respect to property subject to the provisions of section two

hundred eighty-F of the internal revenue code, property subject to the

provisions of section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal revenue

code which is placed in service in this state in taxable years beginning

after December thirty-first, nineteen hundred eighty-four and property

of a taxpayer principally engaged in the conduct of aviation (other than

air freight forwarders acting as principal and like indirect air

carriers) which is placed in service before taxable years beginning in

nineteen hundred eighty-nine, the amount allowable as a deduction

determined under section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal revenue

code;

(11) upon the disposition of property to which paragraph (j) of this

subdivision applies, the amount, if any, by which the aggregate of the

amounts described in such paragraph (j) attributable to such property

exceeds the aggregate of the amounts described in subparagraph ten of

this paragraph attributable to such property.

(15) Real property taxes paid on qualified agricultural property and

deducted in determining federal taxable income, to the extent of the

amount of the agricultural property tax credit allowed under subdivision

eleven of section two hundred ten-B of this article.

(16) In the case of a taxpayer which is not an eligible farmer as

defined in paragraph (b) of subdivision eleven of section two hundred

ten-B of this article, the amount of any deduction claimed pursuant to

section 179 of the internal revenue code with respect to a sport utility

vehicle which is not a passenger automobile as defined in paragraph 5 of

subsection (d) of section 280F of the internal revenue code.

(17) for taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, two

thousand two, in the case of qualified property described in paragraph

two of subsection k of section 168 of the internal revenue code, other

than qualified resurgence zone property described in paragraph (q) of

this subdivision, and other than qualified New York Liberty Zone

property described in paragraph two of subsection b of section 1400L of

the internal revenue code (without regard to clause (i) of subparagraph

(C) of such paragraph), which was placed in service on or after June

first, two thousand three, the amount allowable as a deduction under

section 167 of the internal revenue code.

(18) Premiums paid for environmental remediation insurance, as defined

in section twenty-three of this chapter, and deducted in determining

federal taxable income, to the extent of the amount of the environmental

remediation insurance credit allowed under such section twenty-three and

subdivision nineteen of section two hundred ten-B of this article.

(19) The amount of any deduction allowed pursuant to section one

hundred ninety-nine of the internal revenue code.

(20) The amount of any federal deduction for taxes imposed under

article twenty-three of this chapter.

(20-a) The amount of any federal deduction for the excise tax on

telecommunication services to the extent such taxes are used as the

basis of the calculation of the tax-free NY area excise tax on

telecommunication services credit allowed under subdivision forty-four

of section two hundred ten-B of this article.

(21) The amount of any federal deduction for real property taxes to

the extent such taxes are used as the basis of the calculation of the

real property tax credit for manufacturers allowed under subdivision

forty-three of section two hundred ten-B of this article.

(22) the amount of any deduction for charitable contributions allowed

under section one hundred seventy of the internal revenue code to the

extent such contributions are used as the basis of the calculation of

the farm donations to food pantries credit under subdivision fifty-two

of section two hundred ten-B of this article.

(23) The amount of any federal deduction allowed pursuant to

subsection (c) of section 965 of the internal revenue code.

(24) The amount of any federal deduction allowed pursuant to section

250(a)(1)(A) of the internal revenue code.

(25) The amount of any federal deduction allowed pursuant to section

250(a)(1)(B)(i) of the internal revenue code.

(26) For taxable years beginning in two thousand nineteen and two

thousand twenty, the amount of the increase in the federal interest

deduction allowed pursuant to section 163(j)(10)(A)(i) of the internal

revenue code.

(27) The amount of any gain excluded from federal gross income for the

taxable year by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of subsection (a) of

section 1400Z-2 of the internal revenue code.

(28) For taxable years beginning on or after January first, two

thousand twenty-five, in the case of qualified production property

described in paragraph two of subsection (n) of section one hundred

sixty-eight of the internal revenue code, any amount which the taxpayer

claimed as a deduction under subsection (a) of section one hundred

sixty-seven of the internal revenue code that included an allowance

solely as a result of an election made pursuant to subsection (n) of

section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal revenue code.

(29) For taxable years beginning on or after January first, two

thousand twenty-five, any amount claimed as a deduction under sections

one hundred seventy-four and 174A of the internal revenue code in effect

as of January first, two thousand twenty-five, and any amount claimed as

a deduction pursuant to federal Public Law 119-21, title VII, section

70302(f)(2)(a), for foreign and domestic research or experimental

expenditures, as defined in sections one hundred seventy-four and 174A

of the internal revenue code.

(c-1)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this article, in the

case of a taxpayer which is a foreign air carrier holding a foreign air

carrier permit issued by the United States department of transportation

pursuant to section four hundred two of the federal aviation act of

nineteen hundred fifty-eight, as amended, and which is qualified under

subparagraph two of this paragraph, entire net income shall not include,

and shall be computed without the deduction of, amounts directly or

indirectly attributable to, (i) any income derived from the

international operation of aircraft as described in and subject to the

provisions of section eight hundred eighty-three of the internal revenue

code, (ii) income without the United States which is derived from the

operation of aircraft, and (iii) income without the United States which

is of a type described in subdivision (a) of section eight hundred

eighty-one of the internal revenue code except that it is derived from

sources without the United States. Entire net income shall include

income described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) of this subparagraph in

the case of taxpayers not described in the previous sentence.

(2) A taxpayer is qualified under this subparagraph if air carriers

organized in the United States and operating in the foreign country or

countries in which the taxpayer has its major base of operations and in

which it is organized, resident or headquartered (if not in the same

country as its major base of operations) are not subject to any income

tax or other tax based on or measured by income or receipts imposed by

such foreign country or countries or any political subdivision thereof,

or if so subject to such tax, are provided an exemption from such tax

equivalent to that provided for herein.

(c-2) Adjustments by qualified public utilities. (1) In the case of a

taxpayer which is a qualified public utility, entire net income shall be

computed with the adjustments set forth in this paragraph.

(2) Definitions. (A) Qualified public utility. The term "qualified

public utility" means a taxpayer which: (i) on December thirty-first,

nineteen hundred ninety-nine, was subject to the ratemaking supervision

of the state department of public service, and (ii) for the year ending

on December thirty-first, nineteen hundred ninety-nine, was subject to

tax under former section one hundred eighty-six of this chapter.

(B) Transition property. The term "transition property" means property

placed in service by the taxpayer before January first, two thousand,

for which a depreciation deduction is allowed under section one hundred

sixty-seven of the internal revenue code.

(3) Federal depreciation disallowed. With respect to transition

property, the deduction for federal income tax purposes for depreciation

shall not be allowed.

(4) New York depreciation. With respect to transition property, a

deduction shall be allowed for the depreciation expense shown on the

books and records of the taxpayer for the taxable year and determined in

accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

(5) Regulatory assets. A deduction shall be allowed for amounts

recognized as expense on the books and records of the taxpayer for the

taxable year, which amounts were recognized as expense for federal

income tax purposes in a taxable year ending on or before December

thirty-first, nineteen hundred ninety-nine, where: (A) such amounts

represent expenditures which, when made, were charged to a deferred

debit account or similar asset account on the books and records of the

taxpayer, and where (B) the recognition of expense on the books and

records of the taxpayer is matched by revenue stemming from a procedure

or adjustment allowing the recovery of such expenditures, and where (C)

such revenue is recognized for federal income tax purposes in the

taxable year.

(6) Basis for gain or loss. (A) Recognition transactions. (i) General

rule - book basis. Except as provided in subclause (ii) of this clause,

where transition property is sold or otherwise disposed of in the

taxable year in a transaction of the type requiring recognition of gain

or loss for federal income tax purposes, the basis for determining the

amount of such gain or loss under this article shall be the cost of the

property less the accumulated depreciation on the property determined on

the books and records of the taxpayer in accordance with generally

accepted accounting principles.

(ii) Qualified gain - New York basis. Where a sale or disposition

described in subclause (i) of this clause results in recognition of gain

for federal income tax purposes, and where either (I) such recognition

occurs in a taxable year ending after nineteen hundred ninety-nine and

before two thousand ten, or (II) such recognition is with respect to a

nuclear electric generating facility, the basis for determining the

amount of such gain under this article shall be the cost of the property

less the aggregate of the New York depreciation deductions on the

property determined under subparagraph four of this paragraph.

(iii) No conversion of gain to loss. In the event that the basis

determined under subclause (ii) of this clause results in determination

of a loss on the sale or disposition of the property, no gain or loss

shall be recognized under this article with respect to such sale or

disposition.

(B) Nonrecognition transactions. (i) Carryover basis. (I) where

transition property is disposed of ("original disposition") in a

transaction of a type requiring deferral of recognition of gain or loss

for federal income tax purposes, and where (II) there is a subsequent

recognition of gain or loss for federal income tax purposes ("clause B

gain or loss"), the amount of which is determined by reference, in whole

or in part, to the basis of such transition property ("underlying

transition property"), then (III) the amount of such clause B gain or

loss under this article shall be adjusted as provided in subclause (ii)

or (iii) of this clause.

(ii) General rule - book basis adjustment. Except as provided in

subclause (iii) of this clause, the amount of clause B gain shall be

reduced, or the amount of clause B loss increased, by the amount by

which the book basis of the underlying transition property on the date

of original disposition (determined using the provisions of subclause

(i) of clause (A) of this subparagraph) exceeds the federal income tax

basis of such property on such date.

(iii) Qualified gain - New York basis adjustment. Where clause B gain

either (I) occurs in a taxable year ending after nineteen hundred

ninety-nine and before two thousand ten, or (II) is with respect to a

nuclear electric generating facility, the amount of such gain under this

article shall be reduced, but not below zero, by the amount by which the

New York basis of the underlying transition property on the date of

original disposition (determined using the provisions of subclause (ii)

of clause (A) of this subparagraph) exceeds the federal income tax basis

of such property on such date.

(iv) Application to replacement property and transferee taxpayers.

This clause shall apply whether the clause B gain or loss: (I) is with

respect to either transition property or depreciable property the basis

of which is determined by reference to transition property, or (II) is

recognized by either a qualified public utility or by a taxpayer which

is a transferee of transition property (whether or not such transferee

is a qualified public utility, notwithstanding subparagraph one of this

paragraph).

(c-3) Depreciation adjustments by qualified power producers and

pipeline companies. (1) In the case of a qualified taxpayer, entire net

income shall be computed with the depreciation adjustments set forth in

this paragraph.

(2) Definitions. (A) Qualified taxpayer. The term "qualified taxpayer"

means a qualified power producer or a qualified pipeline.

(B) Qualified power producer. The term "qualified power producer"

means a taxpayer which: (i) on December thirty-first, nineteen hundred

ninety-nine, was not subject to the ratemaking supervision of the state

department of public service, and (ii) for the year ending on December

thirty-first, nineteen hundred ninety-nine, was subject to tax under

former section one hundred eighty-six of this chapter on account of its

being principally engaged in the business of supplying electricity.

(C) Qualified pipeline. The term "qualified pipeline" means a taxpayer

which: (i) on December thirty-first, nineteen hundred ninety-nine, was

subject to the ratemaking supervision of either the federal energy

regulatory commission or the state department of public service, and

(ii) for the year ending on December thirty-first, nineteen hundred

ninety-nine, was subject to tax under sections one hundred eighty-three

and one hundred eighty-four of this chapter on account of its being

principally engaged in the business of pipeline transmission.

(D) Transition property. The term "transition property" means property

placed in service by a qualified taxpayer before January first, two

thousand, for which a depreciation deduction is allowed under section

one hundred sixty-seven of the internal revenue code.

(3) Federal depreciation disallowed. With respect to transition

property, the deduction for federal income tax purposes for depreciation

shall not be allowed.

(4) New York depreciation. With respect to transition property, a

deduction shall be allowed for the depreciation expense computed as

provided in this subparagraph. (A) All transition property shown on the

books and records of the taxpayer on January first, two thousand shall

be treated as a single asset placed in service on such date. The New

York basis for purposes of computing the depreciation deduction on such

single asset shall be the net book value of such transition property

determined on the first day of the federal taxable year ending in two

thousand (or on the date any such property is placed in service, if

later) adjusted as provided in clause (B) of this subparagraph.

(B) If transition property is sold or otherwise disposed of, the New

York basis of the single asset shall be reduced on the date of such sale

or disposition by the amount of the adjusted federal tax basis of such

property on such date.

(C) The New York depreciation deduction allowed for any taxable year

with respect to such single asset shall be computed using the

straight-line method, a twenty-year life, and a salvage value of zero.

(D) For purposes of this subparagraph, the term "net book value" means

cost reduced by accumulated depreciation shown on the books and records

of the taxpayer and determined, in the case of a qualified power

producer, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

and in the case of a qualified pipeline, in accordance with the

taxpayer's regulatory reports filed with the federal energy regulatory

commission or state department of public service.

(c-4) Depreciation and interest deduction adjustments for covered

properties owned by an institutional real estate investor. (1)

Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in the case of a

corporation or combined group that is an institutional real estate

investor or a partner, member or shareholder of an entity that is an

institutional real estate investor, entire net income shall be computed

with the adjustments for depreciation and interest related to covered

properties as set forth in this paragraph.

(2) Definitions. (A) "Institutional real estate investor" means an

entity or combined group that, directly or indirectly (i) owns ten or

more covered properties, (ii) manages funds pooled from investors and

acts as a fiduciary with respect to one or more investors, and (iii) has

thirty million dollars or more in net value or assets under management

on any day during the taxable year. An entity is considered owning a

covered property if it directly owns the covered property or indirectly

owns ten percent or more of the covered property.

(B) "Covered property" means a residential property consisting of no

more than two dwelling units located in New York state.

(3) Depreciation deductions. With respect to covered properties, no

deduction for depreciation allowed under the internal revenue code or

this section shall be allowed.

(4) Interest deductions. With respect to covered properties, the

interest deduction for federal income tax purposes allowed under section

one hundred sixty-three of the internal revenue code shall not be

allowed and must be added back in the computation of entire net income,

except with respect to interest paid or accrued in the taxable year when

such covered property is sold to an individual for use as the principal

residence of such individual or sold to a nonprofit organization that

has as its principal purpose the creation, development, or preservation

of affordable housing. For purposes of this subparagraph, any amount of

interest that would have been allowed under section one hundred

sixty-three of the internal revenue code in connection with a covered

property but for an election to treat such interest as chargeable to

capital account shall be treated as an amount allowed under section one

hundred sixty-three of the internal revenue code.

(d) The commissioner may, whenever necessary in order properly to

reflect the entire net income of any taxpayer, determine the year or

period in which any item of income or deduction shall be included,

without regard to the method of accounting employed by the taxpayer.

(e) The entire net income of any bridge commission created by act of

congress to construct a bridge across an international boundary means

its gross income less the expense of maintaining and operating its

properties, the annual interest upon its bonds and other obligations,

and the annual charge for the retirement of such bonds or obligations at

maturity.

(h) If the period covered by a report under this article is other than

the period covered by the report to the United States treasury

department,

(1) except as provided in subparagraph two hereof, entire net income

shall be determined by multiplying the taxable income reported to such

department (as adjusted pursuant to the provisions of this article) by

the number of calendar months or major parts thereof covered by the

report under this article and dividing by the number of calendar months

or major parts thereof covered by the report to such department. If it

shall appear that such method of determining entire net income does not

properly reflect the taxpayer's income during the period covered by the

report under this article, the commissioner shall be authorized in its

discretion to determine such entire net income solely on the basis of

the taxpayer's income during the period covered by its report under this

article.

(2) In the case of a New York S termination year, an equal portion of

entire net income shall be assigned to each day of such year. The

portion of such entire net income thereby assigned to the S short year

and the C short year shall be included in the respective reports for the

S short year and the C short year under this article. However, where

paragraph three of subsection (s) of section six hundred twelve of this

chapter applies, the portion of such entire net income assigned to the S

short year and the C short year shall be determined under normal tax

accounting rules.

(i) With respect to a DISC which during any taxable year or reporting

year (1) received more than five percent of its gross sales from the

sale of inventory or other property which it purchased from its

stockholders, (2) received more than five percent of its gross rentals

from the rental of property which it purchased or rented from its

stockholders or (3) received more than five percent of its total

receipts other than sales and rentals from its stockholders, the

following provisions shall apply.

(A) For any taxable year in which sub-paragraph (B) of this paragraph

is in effect and not rendered invalid, a DISC meeting the above test

shall be exempt from all taxes imposed by this article.

(B) Supplemental to the provisions of subdivision five of section two

hundred eleven of this article, any taxpayer required to compute a tax

under this article, which during the taxable year being reported was a

stockholder in any DISC meeting the test prescribed in this paragraph,

shall for any taxable year ending after December thirty-first, nineteen

hundred seventy-one adjust each item of its receipts, expenses, assets

and liabilities, as otherwise computed under this article, by adding

thereto its attributable share of each such DISC's receipts, expenses,

assets and liabilities as reportable by each such DISC to the United

States Treasury Department for its annual reporting period ending during

the current taxable year of such taxpayer; provided, however, (1) that

all transactions between the taxpayer and each such DISC shall be

eliminated from the taxpayer's adjusted receipts, expenses, assets and

liabilities; (2) that the taxpayer's entire net income as otherwise

computed under this section, shall be reduced by subtracting the amount

of the deemed distribution of current income, if any, from each such

DISC already included in the entire net income of such taxpayer by

virtue of having been included in its entire taxable income for that

taxable year as reported to the United States Treasury Department; and

(3) that in the event this paragraph should be rendered invalid, all

DISC's and their stockholders taxable hereunder shall be taxed instead

under the remaining portions of this article.

(j) in the case of property placed in service in taxable years

beginning before nineteen hundred ninety-four, for taxable years

beginning after December thirty-first, nineteen hundred eighty-one,

except with respect to property subject to the provisions of section two

hundred eighty-F of the internal revenue code and property subject to

the provisions of section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal

revenue code which is placed in service in this state in taxable years

beginning after December thirty-first, nineteen hundred eighty-four, and

provided a deduction has not been excluded from entire net income

pursuant to subparagraph eight of paragraph (b) of this subdivision, a

taxpayer shall be allowed with respect to property which is subject to

the provisions of section one hundred sixty-eight of the internal

revenue code the depreciation deduction allowable under section one

hundred sixty-seven of the internal revenue code as such section would

have applied to property placed in service on December thirty-first,

nineteen hundred eighty. This paragraph shall not apply to property of a

taxpayer principally engaged in the conduct of aviation (other than air

freight forwarders acting as principal and like indirect air carriers)

which is placed in service before taxable years beginning in nineteen

hundred eighty-nine.

(k) QSSS. (1) New York S corporation. In the case of a New York S

corporation which is the parent of a qualified subchapter S subsidiary

(QSSS) with respect to a taxable year:

(A) where the QSSS is not an excluded corporation,

(i) in determining the entire net income of such parent corporation,

all assets, liabilities, income and deductions of the QSSS shall be

treated as assets, liabilities, income and deductions of the parent

corporation, and

(ii) the QSSS shall be exempt from all taxes imposed by this article,

and

(B) where the QSSS is an excluded corporation, the entire net income

of the parent corporation shall be determined as if the federal QSSS

election had not been made.

(2) New York C corporation. In the case of a New York C corporation

which is the parent of a QSSS with respect to a taxable year:

(A) where the QSSS is a taxpayer,

(i) in determining the entire net income of such parent corporation,

all assets, liabilities, income and deductions of the QSSS shall be

treated as assets, liabilities, income and deductions of the parent

corporation, and

(ii) the QSSS shall be exempt from all taxes imposed by this article,

and

(B) where the QSSS is not a taxpayer,

(i) if the QSSS is not an excluded corporation, the parent corporation

may make a QSSS inclusion election to include all assets, liabilities,

income and deductions of the QSSS as assets, liabilities, income and

deductions of the parent corporation, and

(ii) in the absence of such election, or where the QSSS is an excluded

corporation, the entire net income of the parent corporation shall be

determined as if the federal QSSS election had not been made.

(3) Non-New York S corporation not excluded. In the case of an S

corporation which is not a taxpayer and not an excluded corporation, and

which is the parent of a QSSS which is a taxpayer, the shareholders of

the parent corporation shall be entitled to make the New York S election

under subsection (a) of section six hundred sixty of this chapter.

(A) For any taxable year for which such election is in effect, the

parent corporation shall be subject to tax under this article as a New

York S corporation, and the provisions of clause (A) of subparagraph one

of this paragraph shall apply.

(B) For any taxable year for which such election is not in effect, the

QSSS shall be a New York C corporation, and the entire net income of the

QSSS shall be determined as if the federal QSSS election had not been

made. For purposes of such determination, the taxable year of the parent

corporation shall constitute the taxable year of the QSSS, excluding,

however, any portion of such year during which the QSSS is not a

taxpayer.

(4) S corporation excluded. In the case of an S corporation which is

an excluded corporation and which is the parent of a QSSS which is a

taxpayer, the QSSS shall be a New York C corporation and the provisions

of clause (B) of subparagraph three of this paragraph shall apply.

(5) Excluded corporation. The term "excluded corporation" means a

corporation subject to tax under sections one hundred eighty-three

through one hundred eighty-six, inclusive, or article thirty-three of

this chapter, or a foreign corporation not taxable by this state which,

if it were taxable, would be subject to tax under any of such sections

or article.

(6) Taxpayer. For purposes of this paragraph, the term "taxpayer"

means a parent corporation or QSSS subject to tax under this article,

determined without regard to the provisions of this paragraph.

(7) QSSS inclusion election. The election under subclause (i) of

clause (B) of subparagraph two of this paragraph shall be effective for

the taxable year for which made and for all succeeding taxable years of

the corporation until such election is terminated. An election or

termination shall be made on such form and in such manner as the

commissioner may prescribe by regulation or instruction.

(l) Emerging technology investment deferral. In the case of any sale

of a qualified emerging technologies investment held for more than

thirty-six months and with respect to which the taxpayer elects the

application of this paragraph, gain from such sale shall be recognized

only to the extent that the amount realized on such sale exceeds the

cost of any qualified emerging technologies investment purchased by the

taxpayer during the three hundred sixty-five-day period beginning on the

date of such sale, reduced by any portion of such cost previously taken

into account under this paragraph. For purposes of this paragraph the

following shall apply:

(1) A qualified investment is stock of a corporation or an interest,

other than as a creditor, in a partnership or limited liability company

that was acquired by the taxpayer as provided in Internal Revenue Code §

1202(c)(1)(B), except that the reference to the term "stock" in such

section shall be read as "investment," or by the taxpayer from a person

who had acquired such stock or interest in such a manner.

(2) A qualified emerging technology investment is a qualified

investment, that was held by the taxpayer for at least thirty-six

months, in a company defined in paragraph (c) of subdivision one of

section thirty-one hundred two-e of the public authorities law or an

investment in a partnership or limited liability company that is taxed

as a partnership to the extent that such partnership or limited

liability company invests in qualified emerging technology companies.

(3) For purposes of determining whether the nonrecognition of gain

under this subsection applies to a qualified emerging technologies

investment that is sold, the taxpayer's holding period for such

investment and the qualified emerging technologies investment that is

purchased shall be determined without regard to Internal Revenue Code §

1223.

(m) Amounts deferred. The amount deferred under paragraph (l) of this

subdivision shall be added to entire net income when the reinvestment in

the New York qualified emerging technology company which qualified a

taxpayer for such deferral is sold.

(n-1) For taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, two

thousand two, in the case of qualified property described in paragraph

two of subsection k of section 168 of the internal revenue code, other

than qualified resurgence zone property described in paragraph (q) of

this subdivision, and other than qualified New York Liberty Zone

property described in paragraph two of subsection b of section 1400L of

the internal revenue code (without regard to clause (i) of subparagraph

(C) of such paragraph), which was placed in service on or after June

first, two thousand three, a taxpayer shall be allowed with respect to

such property the depreciation deduction allowable under section 167 of

the internal revenue code as such section would have applied to such

property had it been acquired by the taxpayer on September tenth, two

thousand one.

(o) Related members expense add back. (1) Definitions. (A) Related

member. "Related member" means a related person as defined in

subparagraph (c) of paragraph three of subsection (b) of section four

hundred sixty-five of the internal revenue code, except that "fifty

percent" shall be substituted for "ten percent".

(B) Effective rate of tax. "Effective rate of tax" means, as to any

state or U.S. possession, the maximum statutory rate of tax imposed by

the state or possession on or measured by a related member's net income

multiplied by the apportionment percentage, if any, applicable to the

related member under the laws of said jurisdiction. For purposes of this

definition, the effective rate of tax as to any state or U.S. possession

is zero where the related member's net income tax liability in said

jurisdiction is reported on a combined or consolidated return including

both the taxpayer and the related member where the reported transactions

between the taxpayer and the related member are eliminated or offset.

Also, for purposes of this definition, when computing the effective rate

of tax for a jurisdiction in which a related member's net income is

eliminated or offset by a credit or similar adjustment that is dependent

upon the related member either maintaining or managing intangible

property or collecting interest income in that jurisdiction, the maximum

statutory rate of tax imposed by said jurisdiction shall be decreased to

reflect the statutory rate of tax that applies to the related member as

effectively reduced by such credit or similar adjustment.

(C) Royalty payments. Royalty payments are payments directly connected

to the acquisition, use, maintenance or management, ownership, sale,

exchange, or any other disposition of licenses, trademarks, copyrights,

trade names, trade dress, service marks, mask works, trade secrets,

patents and any other similar types of intangible assets as determined

by the commissioner, and include amounts allowable as interest

deductions under section one hundred sixty-three of the internal revenue

code to the extent such amounts are directly or indirectly for, related

to or in connection with the acquisition, use, maintenance or

management, ownership, sale, exchange or disposition of such intangible

assets.

(D) Valid Business Purpose. A valid business purpose is one or more

business purposes, other than the avoidance or reduction of taxation,

which alone or in combination constitute the primary motivation for some

business activity or transaction, which activity or transaction changes

in a meaningful way, apart from tax effects, the economic position of

the taxpayer. The economic position of the taxpayer includes an increase

in the market share of the taxpayer, or the entry by the taxpayer into

new business markets.

(2) Royalty expense add backs. (A) Except where a taxpayer is included

in a combined report with a related member pursuant to section two

hundred ten-C of this article, for the purpose of computing entire net

income or other applicable taxable basis, a taxpayer must add back

royalty payments directly or indirectly paid, accrued, or incurred in

connection with one or more direct or indirect transactions with one or

more related members during the taxable year to the extent deductible in

calculating federal taxable income.

(B) Exceptions. (i) The adjustment required in this paragraph shall

not apply to the portion of the royalty payment that the taxpayer

establishes, by clear and convincing evidence of the type and in the

form specified by the commissioner, meets all of the following

requirements: (I) the related member was subject to tax in this state or

another state or possession of the United States or a foreign nation or

some combination thereof on a tax base that included the royalty payment

paid, accrued or incurred by the taxpayer; (II) the related member

during the same taxable year directly or indirectly paid, accrued or

incurred such portion to a person that is not a related member; and

(III) the transaction giving rise to the royalty payment between the

taxpayer and the related member was undertaken for a valid business

purpose.

(ii) The adjustment required in this paragraph shall not apply if the

taxpayer establishes, by clear and convincing evidence of the type and

in the form specified by the commissioner, that: (I) the related member

was subject to tax on or measured by its net income in this state or

another state or possession of the United States or some combination

thereof; (II) the tax base for said tax included the royalty payment

paid, accrued or incurred by the taxpayer; and (III) the aggregate

effective rate of tax applied to the related member in those

jurisdictions is no less than eighty percent of the statutory rate of

tax that applied to the taxpayer under section two hundred ten of this

article for the taxable year.

(iii) The adjustment required in this paragraph shall not apply if the

taxpayer establishes, by clear and convincing evidence of the type and

in the form specified by the commissioner, that: (I) the royalty payment

was paid, accrued or incurred to a related member organized under the

laws of a country other than the United States; (II) the related

member's income from the transaction was subject to a comprehensive

income tax treaty between such country and the United States; (III) the

related member was subject to tax in a foreign nation on a tax base that

included the royalty payment paid, accrued or incurred by the taxpayer;

(IV) the related member's income from the transaction was taxed in such

country at an effective rate of tax at least equal to that imposed by

this state; and (V) the royalty payment was paid, accrued or incurred

pursuant to a transaction that was undertaken for a valid business

purpose and using terms that reflect an arm's length relationship.

(iv) The adjustment required in this paragraph shall not apply if the

taxpayer and the commissioner agree in writing to the application or use

of alternative adjustments or computations. The commissioner may, in his

or her discretion, agree to the application or use of alternative

adjustments or computations when he or she concludes that in the absence

of such agreement the income of the taxpayer would not be properly

reflected.

(p) For taxable years beginning after December thirty-first, two

thousand two, upon the disposition of property to which paragraph (n-1)

of this subdivision applies, the amount of any gain or loss includible

in entire net income shall be adjusted to reflect the inclusions and

exclusions from entire net income pursuant to subparagraph seventeen of

paragraph (a) and subparagraph seventeen of paragraph (b) of this

subdivision attributable to such property.

(q) For purposes of paragraphs (n-1) and (p) of this subdivision,

qualified resurgence zone property shall mean qualified property

described in paragraph two of subsection k of section 168 of the

internal revenue code substantially all of the use of which is in the

resurgence zone, as defined below, and is in the active conduct of a

trade or business by the taxpayer in such zone, and the original use of

which in the resurgence zone commences with the taxpayer after December

thirty-first, two thousand two. The resurgence zone shall mean the area

of New York county bounded on the south by a line running from the

intersection of the Hudson River with the Holland Tunnel, and running

thence east to Canal Street, then running along the centerline of Canal

Street to the intersection of the Bowery and Canal Street, running

thence in a southeasterly direction diagonally across Manhattan Bridge

Plaza, to the Manhattan Bridge and thence along the centerline of the

Manhattan Bridge to the point where the centerline of the Manhattan

Bridge would intersect with the easterly bank of the East River, and

bounded on the north by a line running from the intersection of the

Hudson River with the Holland Tunnel and running thence north along West

Avenue to the intersection of Clarkson Street then running east along

the centerline of Clarkson Street to the intersection of Washington

Avenue, then running south along the centerline of Washington Avenue to

the intersection of West Houston Street, then east along the centerline

of West Houston Street, then at the intersection of the Avenue of the

Americas continuing east along the centerline of East Houston Street to

the easterly bank of the East River.

(r) Subtraction modification for qualified residential loan

portfolios. (1)(A) A taxpayer that is either a thrift institution as

defined in subparagraph three of this paragraph or a qualified community

bank as defined in subparagraph two of paragraph (s) of this subdivision

and maintains a qualified residential loan portfolio as defined in

subparagraph two of this paragraph shall be allowed as a deduction in

computing entire net income the amount, if any, by which (i) thirty-two

percent of its entire net income determined without regard to this

paragraph exceeds (ii) the amounts deducted by the taxpayer pursuant to

sections 166 and 585 of the Internal Revenue Code less any amounts

included in federal taxable income as a result of a recovery of a loan.

(B)(i) If the taxpayer is in a combined report under section two

hundred ten-C of this article, this deduction will be computed on a

combined basis. In that instance, the entire net income of the combined

reporting group for purposes of this paragraph shall be multiplied by a

fraction, the numerator of which is the average total assets of all the

thrift institutions and qualified community banks included in the

combined report and the denominator of which is the average total assets

of all the corporations included in the combined report.

(ii) Measurement of assets. For purposes of this paragraph: (I) Total

assets are those assets that are properly reflected on a balance sheet,

computed in the same manner as is required by the banking regulator of

the taxpayers included in the combined return. In addition, total assets

includes leased real property that is not properly reflected on a

balance sheet.

(II) Assets will only be included if the income or expenses of which

are properly reflected (or would have been properly reflected if not

fully depreciated or expensed, or depreciated or expensed to a nominal

amount) in the computation of the combined group's entire net income for

the taxable year. Assets will not include deferred tax assets and

intangible assets identified as "goodwill".

(III) Tangible real and personal property, such as buildings, land,

machinery, and equipment shall be valued at cost. Leased real property

that is not properly reflected on a balance sheet will be valued at the

annual lease payment multiplied by eight. Intangible property, such as

loans and investments, shall be valued at book value exclusive of

reserves.

(IV) Intercorporate stockholdings and bills, notes and accounts

receivable, and other intercorporate indebtedness between the

corporations included in the combined report shall be eliminated.

(V) Average assets are computed using the assets measured on the first

day of the taxable year, and on the last day of each subsequent quarter

of the taxable year or month or day during the taxable year.

(2) Qualified residential loan portfolio. (A) A taxpayer maintains a

qualified residential loan portfolio if at least sixty percent of the

amount of the total assets at the close of the taxable year of the

thrift institution or qualified community bank consists of the assets

described in items (i) through (xii) of this clause, with the

application of the rule in item (xiii). If the taxpayer is a member of a

combined group, the determination of whether there is a qualified

residential loan portfolio will be made by aggregating the assets of the

thrift institutions and qualified community banks that are members of

the combined group.

Assets:

(i) cash, which includes cash and cash equivalents including cash

items in the process of collection, deposit with other financial

institutions, including corporate credit unions, balances with federal

reserve banks and federal home loan banks, federal funds sold, and cash

and cash equivalents on hand. Cash shall not include any balances

serving as collateral for securities lending transactions;

(ii) obligations of the United States or of a state or political

subdivision thereof, and stock or obligations of a corporation which is

an instrumentality or a government sponsored enterprise of the United

States or of a state or political subdivision thereof;

(iii) loans secured by a deposit or share of a member;

(iv) loans secured by an interest in real property which is (or from

the proceeds of the loan, will become) residential real property or real

property used primarily for church purposes, loans made for the

improvement of residential real property or real property used primarily

for church purposes, provided that for purposes of this item,

residential real property shall include single or multi-family

dwellings, facilities in residential developments dedicated to public

use or property used on a nonprofit basis for residents, and mobile

homes not used on a transient basis;

(v) property acquired through the liquidation of defaulted loans

described in item (iv) of this clause;

(vi) any regular or residual interest in a REMIC, as such term is

defined in section 860D of the internal revenue code, but only in the

proportion which the assets of such REMIC consist of property described

in any of the preceding items of this clause, except that if ninety-five

percent or more of the assets of such REMIC are assets described in

items (i) through (v) of this clause, the entire interest in the REMIC

shall qualify;

(vii) any mortgage-backed security which represents ownership of a

fractional undivided interest in a trust, the assets of which consist

primarily of mortgage loans, provided that the real property which

serves as security for the loans is (or from the proceeds of the loan,

will become) the type of property described in item (iv) of this clause

and any collateralized mortgage obligation, the security for which

consists primarily of mortgage loans that maintain as security the type

of property described in item (iv) of this clause;

(viii) certificates of deposit in, or obligations of, a corporation

organized under a state law which specifically authorizes such

corporation to insure the deposits or share accounts of member

associations;

(ix) loans secured by an interest in educational, health, or welfare

institutions or facilities, including structures designed or used

primarily for residential purposes for students, residents, and persons

under care, employees, or members of the staff of such institutions or

facilities;

(x) loans made for the payment of expenses of college or university

education or vocational training;

(xi) property used by the taxpayer in support of business which

consists principally of acquiring the savings of the public and

investing in loans; and

(xii) loans for which the taxpayer is the creditor and which are

wholly secured by loans described in item (iv) of this clause.

(xiii) The value of accrued interest receivable and any loss-sharing

commitment or other loan guaranty by a governmental agency will be

considered part of the basis in the loans to which the accrued interest

or loss protection applies.

(B) At the election of the taxpayer, the percentage specified in

clause (A) of this subparagraph shall be applied on the basis of the

average assets outstanding during the taxable year, in lieu of the close

of the taxable year. The taxpayer can elect to compute an average using

the assets measured on the first day of the taxable year and on the last

day of each subsequent quarter, or month or day during the taxable year.

This election may be made annually.

(C) For purposes of item (iv) of clause (A) of this subparagraph, if a

multifamily structure securing a loan is used in part for nonresidential

use purposes, the entire loan is deemed a residential real property loan

if the planned residential use exceeds eighty percent of the property's

planned use (measured, at the taxpayer's election, by using square

footage or gross rental revenue, and determined as of the time the loan

is made).

(D) For purposes of item (iv) of clause (A) of this subparagraph,

loans made to finance the acquisition or development of land shall be

deemed to be loans secured by an interest in residential real property

if there is a reasonable assurance that the property will become

residential real property within a period of three years from the date

of acquisition of such land; but this sentence shall not apply for any

taxable year unless, within such three year period, such land becomes

residential real property. For purposes of determining whether any

interest in a REMIC qualifies under item (vi) of clause (A) of this

subparagraph, any regular interest in another REMIC held by such REMIC

shall be treated as a loan described in a preceding item under

principles similar to the principle of such item (vi), except that is

such REMICs are part of a tiered structure, they shall be treated as one

REMIC for purposes of such item (vi).

(3) For purposes of this paragraph, a "thrift institution" is a

savings bank, a savings and loan association, or other savings

institution chartered and supervised as such under federal or state law.

(s) Subtraction modification for community banks and small thrifts.

(1) A taxpayer that is a qualified community bank as defined in

subparagraph two of this paragraph or a small thrift institution as

defined in subparagraph two-a of this paragraph shall be allowed a

deduction in computing entire net income equal to the amount computed

under subparagraph three of this paragraph.

(2) To be a qualified community bank, a taxpayer must satisfy the

following conditions.

(A) It is a bank or trust company organized under or subject to the

provisions of article three of the banking law or a comparable provision

of the laws of another state, or a national banking association.

(B) The average value during the taxable year of the assets of the

taxpayer, or, if the taxpayer is included in a combined report, the

assets of the combined reporting group of the taxpayer under section two

hundred ten-C of this article, must not exceed eight billion dollars.

(2-a) To be a small thrift institution, a taxpayer must satisfy the

following conditions.

(A) It is a savings bank, a savings and loan association, or other

savings institution chartered and supervised as such under federal or

state law.

(B) The average value during the taxable year of the assets of the

taxpayer, or, if the taxpayer is included in a combined report, the

assets of the combined reporting group of the taxpayer under section two

hundred ten-C of this article, must not exceed eight billion dollars.

(3)(A) The subtraction modification shall be computed as follows:

(i) Multiply the taxpayer's net interest income from loans during the

taxable year by a fraction, the numerator of which is the gross interest

income during the taxable year from qualifying loans and the denominator

of which is the gross interest income during the taxable year from all

loans.

(ii) Multiply the amount determined in clause (i) by fifty percent.

This product is the amount of the deduction allowed under this

paragraph.

(B)(i) Net interest income from loans shall mean gross interest income

from loans less gross interest expense from loans. Gross interest

expense from loans is determined by multiplying gross interest expense

by a fraction, the numerator of which is the average total value of

loans owned by the thrift institution or community bank during the

taxable year and the denominator of which is the average total assets of

the thrift institution or community bank during the taxable year.

(ii) Measurement of assets. (I) Total assets are those assets that are

properly reflected on a balance sheet, computed in the same manner as is

required by the banking regulator of the taxpayers included in the

combined return. In addition, total assets includes leased real property

that is not properly reflected on a balance sheet.

(II) Assets will only be included if the income or expenses of which

are properly reflected (or would have been properly reflected if not

fully depreciated or expensed, or depreciated or expensed to a nominal

amount) in the computation of the taxpayer's entire net income for the

taxable year. Assets will not include deferred tax assets and intangible

assets identified as "goodwill".

(III) Tangible real and personal property, such as buildings, land,

machinery, and equipment shall be valued at cost. Leased real property

that is not properly reflected on that balance sheet will be valued at

the annual lease payment multiplied by eight. Intangible property, such

as loans and investments, shall be valued at book value exclusive of

reserves.

(IV) Average assets are computed using the assets measured on the

first day of the taxable year, and on the last day of each subsequent

quarter of the taxable year or month or day during the taxable year.

(C) A qualifying loan is a loan that meets the conditions specified in

subclause (i) of this clause and subclause (ii) of this clause.

(i) The loan is originated by the qualified community bank or small

thrift institution or purchased by the qualified community bank or small

thrift institution immediately after its origination in connection with

a commitment to purchase made by the bank or thrift institution prior to

the loan's origination.

(ii) The loan is a small business loan or a residential mortgage loan,

the principal amount of which loan is five million dollars or less, and

either the borrower is located in this state as determined under section

two hundred ten-A of this article and the loan is not secured by real

property, or the loan is secured by real property located in New York.

(iii) A loan that meets the definition of a qualifying loan in a prior

taxable year (including years prior to the effective date of this

paragraph) remains a qualifying loan in taxable years during and after

which such loan is acquired by another corporation in the taxpayer's

combined reporting group under section two hundred ten-C of this

article.

(t) A small thrift institution or a qualified community bank, as

defined in paragraph (s) of this subdivision, that maintained a captive

REIT on April first, two thousand fourteen shall utilize a REIT

subtraction equal to one hundred sixty percent of the dividends paid

deductions allowed to that captive REIT for the taxable year for federal

income tax purposes and shall not be allowed to utilize the subtraction

modification for qualified residential loan portfolios under paragraph

(r) of this subdivision or the subtraction modification for community

banks and small thrifts under paragraph (s) of this subdivision in any

tax year in which such thrift institution or community bank maintains

that captive REIT.

10. The term "calendar year" means a period of twelve calendar months

(or any shorter period beginning on the date the taxpayer becomes

subject to the tax imposed by this article) ending on the thirty-first

day of December, provided the taxpayer keeps its books on the basis of

such period or on the basis of any period ending on any day other than

the last day of a calendar month, or provided the taxpayer does not keep

books, and includes, in case the taxpayer changes the period on the

basis of which it keeps its books from a fiscal year to a calendar year,

the period from the close of its last old fiscal year up to and

including the following December thirty-first. The term "fiscal year"

means a period of twelve calendar months (or any shorter period

beginning on the date the taxpayer becomes subject to the tax imposed by

this article) ending on the last day of any month other than December,

provided the taxpayer keeps its books on the basis of such period, and

includes, in case the taxpayer changes the period on the basis of which

it keeps it books from a calendar year to a fiscal year or from one

fiscal year to another fiscal year, the period from the close of its

last old calendar or fiscal year up to the date designated as the close

of its new fiscal year.

11. The term "tangible personal property" means corporeal personal

property, such as machinery, tools, implements, goods, wares and

merchandise, and does not mean money, deposits in banks, shares of

stock, bonds, notes, credits or evidences of an interest in property and

evidences of debt.

12. The term elected or appointed officer shall include the chairman,

president, vice-president, secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer,

assistant treasurer, comptroller, and also any other officer,

irrespective of his title, who is charged with and performs any of the

regular functions of any such officer, unless the total compensation of

such officer is derived exclusively from the receipt of commissions. A

director shall be considered an elected or appointed officer only if he

performs duties ordinarily performed by an officer.