N.Y. Uniform Commercial Code Law § 3-406: Negligence Contributing to Alteration or Unauthorized Signature

Section 3--406. Negligence Contributing to Alteration or Unauthorized

Signature.

Any person who by his negligence substantially contributes to a

material alteration of the instrument or to the making of an

unauthorized signature is precluded from asserting the alteration or

lack of authority against a holder in due course or against a drawee or

other payor who pays the instrument in good faith and in accordance with

the reasonable commercial standards of the drawee's or payor's business.