16 U.S.C. § 2201: Emergency conservation program

(a) In generalThe Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this chapter as the “Secretary”) is authorized to make payments to agricultural producers who carry out emergency measures to control wind erosion on farmlands or to rehabilitate farmlands damaged by wind erosion, floods, hurricanes, wildfires, or other natural disasters when, as a result of the foregoing, new conservation problems have been created that (1) if not treated, will impair or endanger the land, (2) materially affect the productive capacity of the land, (3) represent damage that is unusual in character and, except for wind erosion, is not the type that would recur frequently in the same area, and (4) will be so costly to rehabilitate that Federal assistance is or will be required to return the land to productive agricultural use. (b) Repair or replacement of fencing and other emergency conservation measures(1) In generalWith respect to a payment to an agricultural producer under subsection (a) for the repair or replacement of fencing, or for other emergency measures to replace or restore farmland or conservation structures requiring an immediate response (as determined by the Secretary), the Secretary shall give the agricultural producer the option of receiving, before the agricultural producer carries out the repair, replacement, or restoration—(A) with respect to a payment to the agricultural producer for a replacement, 75 percent of the cost of the replacement, as determined by the Secretary; and (B) with respect to a payment to the agricultural producer for a repair or restoration, 50 percent of the cost of the repair or restoration, as determined by the Secretary. (2) Return of fundsIf the funds provided under paragraph (1) are not expended by the end of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which the agricultural producer receives those funds, the funds shall be returned within a reasonable timeframe, as determined by the Secretary. (c) Wildfire determinationA wildfire that causes damage eligible for a payment under subsection (a) includes—(1) a wildfire that is not caused naturally, if the damage is caused by the spread of the wildfire due to natural causes; and (2) a wildfire that is caused by the Federal Government.