Federal regulations · Through 2026-08-25 · Newer source version available

7 CFR 51.3416: Classification of defects.

External Defects
Defects Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1 processing Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 processing
Air cracks 5% waste 10% waste.
Blackleg 5% waste 10% waste.
Bruises 5% waste 10% waste
Cuts Smooth, not more than 10% of surface Smooth, not more than 1⁄3 of surface.
Enlarged lenticels, discolored or sunken 5% waste 10% waste.
Flea Beetle 5% waste 10% waste
Folded end 5% waste 10% waste.
Fusarium tuber rot 5% waste 10% waste.
Grass, wireworm 5% waste 10% waste.
Greening, light 5% waste 10% waste.
Growth cracks See Footnote No. 2 10% waste.
Grub 5% waste 10% waste.
Ingrown sprouts 5% waste 10% waste.
Nematodes 5% waste 10% waste.
Rhizoctonia, solid or thick mounded Not more than 10% of surface Not more than 25% of surface.
Rodent, bird damage 5% waste 10% waste.
Scab, pitted 5% waste 10% waste.
Scab, russet 25% of surface or 5% waste 50% of surface or 10% waste.
Scab, surface 25% of surface or 5% waste 50% of surface or 10% waste.
Scab, surface (elephant hide). 10% of surface or 5% waste 25% of surface or 10% waste.
Second growth 5% waste 10% waste.
Scaling, surface cracks—when cracked, thick and has depth 10% of surface or 5% waste 25% of surface or 10% waste.
Sunburn 5% waste 10% waste.
Sunken discolored areas 5% waste 10% waste.
Internal Defects
Defects Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1 processing Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 processing
Occurring outside of or not entirely confined to the vascular ring
Internal Black Spot, Internal Discoloration, Vascular Browning, Fusarium Wilt, Net Necrosis, Other Necrosis, Stem End Browning 5% waste 10% waste.
Occurring entirely within the vascular ring
Hollow Heart or Hollow Heart with Discoloration Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 7⁄8 inch in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1 Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 11⁄4 inches in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1
Light Brown Discoloration (Brown Center) Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 7⁄8 inch in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1 Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 11⁄4 inches in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1
Internal Brown Spot and similar discoloration (Heat Necrosis) Not more than the equivalent of 3 scattered spots 1⁄8 inch in diameter in a potato 6 ounces in weight or 21⁄2 inches in diameter, or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes Not more than the equivalent of 6 scattered spots 1⁄8 inch in diameter in a potato 6 ounces in weight or 21⁄2 inches in diameter or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes.
1 Note: Or correspondingly lesser or greater areas in smaller or larger potatoes.

Where this section sits in the code

Title 7—Agriculture
Subtitle B—Regulations of the Department of Agriculture
CHAPTER I—AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (STANDARDS, INSPECTIONS, MARKETING PRACTICES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SUBCHAPTER C—REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT
PART 51—FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER PRODUCTS (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS)
Subpart JJ—United States Standards for Grades of Potatoes for Processing

External Defects

Defects Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1 processing Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 processing

Air cracks 5% waste 10% waste.

Blackleg 5% waste 10% waste.

Bruises 5% waste 10% waste

Cuts Smooth, not more than 10% of surface Smooth, not more than 1⁄3 of surface.

Enlarged lenticels, discolored or sunken 5% waste 10% waste.

Flea Beetle 5% waste 10% waste

Folded end 5% waste 10% waste.

Fusarium tuber rot 5% waste 10% waste.

Grass, wireworm 5% waste 10% waste.

Greening, light 5% waste 10% waste.

Growth cracks See Footnote No. 2 10% waste.

Grub 5% waste 10% waste.

Ingrown sprouts 5% waste 10% waste.

Nematodes 5% waste 10% waste.

Rhizoctonia, solid or thick mounded Not more than 10% of surface Not more than 25% of surface.

Rodent, bird damage 5% waste 10% waste.

Scab, pitted 5% waste 10% waste.

Scab, russet 25% of surface or 5% waste 50% of surface or 10% waste.

Scab, surface 25% of surface or 5% waste 50% of surface or 10% waste.

Scab, surface (elephant hide). 10% of surface or 5% waste 25% of surface or 10% waste.

Second growth 5% waste 10% waste.

Scaling, surface cracks—when cracked, thick and has depth 10% of surface or 5% waste 25% of surface or 10% waste.

Sunburn 5% waste 10% waste.

Sunken discolored areas 5% waste 10% waste.

Internal Defects

Defects Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1 processing Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 processing

Occurring outside of or not entirely confined to the vascular ring

Internal Black Spot, Internal Discoloration, Vascular Browning, Fusarium Wilt, Net Necrosis, Other Necrosis, Stem End Browning 5% waste 10% waste.

Occurring entirely within the vascular ring

Hollow Heart or Hollow Heart with Discoloration Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 7⁄8 inch in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1 Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 11⁄4 inches in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1

Light Brown Discoloration (Brown Center) Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 7⁄8 inch in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1 Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 11⁄4 inches in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. 1

Internal Brown Spot and similar discoloration (Heat Necrosis) Not more than the equivalent of 3 scattered spots 1⁄8 inch in diameter in a potato 6 ounces in weight or 21⁄2 inches in diameter, or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes Not more than the equivalent of 6 scattered spots 1⁄8 inch in diameter in a potato 6 ounces in weight or 21⁄2 inches in diameter or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes.

1 Note: Or correspondingly lesser or greater areas in smaller or larger potatoes.

Collected 2026-08-27T02:24:01Z. Source file · JSON

Browse this collection