N.Y.C. Admin. Code § BC 1010: Section BC 1010: Doors, Gates and Turnstiles

1010.1 Doors.

Means of egress doors shall meet the requirements of this section. Doors serving a means of egress system shall meet the requirements of this section and Section 1022.2. Doors provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than required by this code shall meet the requirements of this section.

Means of egress doors shall be readily distinguishable from the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Means of egress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, decorations or similar materials.

1010.1.1 Size of doors.

The minimum width and height of each door opening shall be in accordance with this section.

1010.1.1.1 Door width.

The required capacity of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a minimum clear width of 32 inches (812.2 mm). Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Where this section requires a minimum clear width of 32 inches (812.8 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 32 inches (812.8 mm). The maximum width of a swinging door leaf shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) nominal. Means of egress doors in a Group I-2 occupancy used for the movement of beds shall provide a clear width not less than 41 1/2 inches (1054.1 mm).

Exceptions:

1. The minimum and maximum width shall not apply to door openings that are not part of the required means of egress in Group R-2 and R-3 occupancies.

2. Door openings to resident sleeping units in Group I-3 occupancies shall have a clear width of not less than 28 inches (711.2 mm).

3. Door openings to storage closets less than 10 square feet (0.93 m

2

) in area shall not be limited by the minimum width.

4. Width of door leaves in revolving doors that comply with Section 1010.1.4.1 shall not be limited.

5. In other than Group R-1 occupancies, the minimum widths shall not apply to interior egress doors within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit that is not required to be an Accessible unit, Type B+NYC or Type B unit.

6. Doors to walk-in freezers and coolers less than 1,000 square feet (92.9 m

2

) in area shall have a maximum width of 60 inches (1524 mm).

7. In Group R-1 dwelling units or sleeping units not required to be Accessible units, the minimum width shall not apply to doors for showers or saunas.

1010.1.1.2 Projections into clear width.

There shall not be projections into the required clear width lower than 34 inches (863.4 mm) above the floor or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (863.4 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) above the floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (101.6 mm).

Exception: Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the floor.

1010.1.1.3 Height.

The height of doors shall be not less than 80 inches (2032 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Door openings within a dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall be not less than 78 inches (1981.2 mm) in height.

2. Exterior door openings in dwelling units and sleeping units, other than the required exit door, shall be not less than 76 inches (1930.4 mm) in height.

1010.1.2 Door swing.

Egress doors shall be installed in accordance with this section.

1010.1.2.1 Mounting.

Egress doors shall be of the pivoted or side-hinged swinging type.

Exceptions:

1. Private garages, office areas, factory and storage areas with an occupant load of 10 or less.

2. Group I-3 occupancies used as a place of detention.

3. Critical or intensive care patient rooms within suites of health care facilities.

4. Doors within or serving a single dwelling unit in Groups R-2 and R-3.

5. In other than Group H occupancies, revolving doors complying with Section 1010.1.4.1.

6. In other than Group H occupancies, special purpose horizontal sliding, accordion or folding door assemblies complying with Section 1010.1.4.3.

7. Power-operated doors in accordance with Section 1010.1.4.2.

8. Doors serving a bathroom within an individual sleeping unit in Group R-1.

9. In other than Group H occupancies, manually operated horizontal sliding doors are permitted in a means of egress from spaces with an occupant load of 10 or less.

1010.1.2.2 Direction of swing.

Doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel where serving:

1. Group F or H occupancies.

2. Rooms or spaces with an occupant load of 75 or more persons.

3. Rooms or spaces requiring more than one exit door.

4. Automatic teller machines in accordance with Section 10-160 of the Administrative Code.

Exception: Doors need not swing in the direction of egress travel for exterior street floor exit doors from lobbies serving only Group R-2 or R-3 occupancies.

1010.1.3 Door opening force.

The force for pushing or pulling open interior swinging egress doors, other than fire doors, shall not exceed 5-pounds (22.2 N). These forces do not apply to the force required to retract latch bolts or disengage other devices that hold the door in a closed position. For other swinging doors, as well as sliding and folding doors, the door latch shall release when subjected to a 15-pound (66.7 N) force. The door shall be set in motion when subjected to a 30-pound (133.4 N) force. The door shall swing to a full-open position when subjected to a 15-pound (66.7 N) force.

1010.1.3.1 Location of applied forces.

Forces shall be applied to the latch side of the door.

1010.1.4 Special doors.

Special doors and security grilles shall comply with the requirements of Sections 1010.1.4.1 through 1010.1.4.4.

1010.1.4.1 Revolving doors.

Revolving doors shall comply with the following:

1. Revolving doors shall comply with BHMA A156.27 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2. Each revolving door shall be capable of breakout in accordance with BHMA A156.27 and shall provide an aggregate width of not less than 36 inches (914.4 mm).

3. A revolving door shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the foot or top of stairways or escalators. A dispersal area shall be provided between the stairways or escalators and the revolving doors.

4. The revolutions per minute (rpm) for a revolving door shall not exceed the maximum rpm as specified in BHMA A156.27. Manual revolving doors shall comply with Table 1010.1.4.1(1). Automatic or power-operated revolving doors shall comply with Table 1010.1.4.1(2).

5. An emergency stop switch shall be provided near each entry point of power or automatic operated revolving doors within 48 inches (1220 mm) of the door and between 24 inches (609.6 mm) and 48 inches (1220 mm) above the floor. The activation area of the emergency stop switch button shall be not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) in diameter and shall be red.

6. Each revolving door shall have a side-hinged swinging door that complies with Section 1010.1 in the same wall and within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the revolving door.

7. Revolving doors shall not be part of an accessible route required by Section 1009 and Chapter 11.

Table 1010.1.4.1(1) Revolving Door Speeds

Revolving Door Maximum Nominal Diameter (ft-in)

Maximum Allowable Revolving Door Speed (rpm)

6-0

12

7-0

11

8-0

10

9-0

9

10-0

8

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

Table 1010.1.4.1(2) Maximum Door Speed Automatic or Power-Operated Revolving Doors

Revolving Door Maximum Nominal Diameter (ft-in)

Maximum Allowable Revolving Door Speed (rpm)

8-0

7.2

9-0

6.4

10-0

5.7

11-0

5.2

12-0

4.8

12-6

4.6

14-0

4.1

16-0

3.6

17-0

3.4

18-0

3.2

20-0

2.9

24-0

2.4

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm. 1 foot = 304.8 mm.

1010.1.4.1.1 Egress component.

A revolving door used as a component of a means of egress shall comply with Section 1010.1.4.1 and the following three conditions:

1. Revolving doors shall not be given credit for more than 50 percent of the minimum width or required capacity.

2. Each revolving door shall be credited with a capacity based on not more than a 50-person occupant load.

3. Each revolving door shall provide for egress in accordance with BHMA A156.27 with a breakout force of not more than 130 pounds (578.3 N).

1010.1.4.1.2 Other than egress component.

A revolving door used as other than a component of a means of egress shall comply with Section 1010.1.4.1. The breakout force of a revolving door not used as a component of a means of egress shall not be more than 180 pounds (800.7 N).

Exception: A breakout force in excess of 180 pounds (800.7 N) is permitted if the collapsing force is reduced to not more than 130 pounds (578.3 N) when not less than one of the following conditions is satisfied:

1. There is a power failure or power is removed to the device holding the door wings in position.

2. There is an actuation of the automatic sprinkler system where such system is provided.

3. There is an actuation of a smoke detection system that is installed in accordance with Section 907 to provide coverage in areas within the building that are within 75 feet (22 860 mm) of the revolving doors.

4. There is an actuation of a manual control switch, in an approved location and clearly identified, that reduces the breakout force to not more than 130 pounds (578.3 N).

1010.1.4.2 Power-operated doors.

Where means of egress doors are operated or assisted by power, the design shall be such that in the event of power failure, the door is capable of being opened manually to permit means of egress travel or closed where necessary to safeguard means of egress. The forces required to open these doors manually shall not exceed those specified in Section 1010.1.3, except that the force to set the door in motion shall not exceed 50 pounds (222.4 N). The door shall be capable of swinging open from any position to the full width of the opening in which such door is installed when a force is applied to the door on the side from which egress is made. Power-operated swinging doors, power-operated sliding doors and power-operated folding doors shall comply with BHMA A156.10. Power-assisted swinging doors and low-energy power-operated swinging doors shall comply with BHMA A156.19.

Exceptions:

1. Occupancies in Group I-3.

2. Horizontal sliding doors complying with Section 1010.1.4.3.

3. For a biparting door in the emergency breakout mode, a door leaf located within a multiple-leaf opening shall be exempt from the minimum 32-inch (812.8 mm) single-leaf requirement of Section 1010.1.1, provided a minimum 32-inch (812.8 mm) clear opening is provided when the two biparting leaves meeting in the center are broken out.

1010.1.4.3 Special purpose horizontal sliding, accordion or folding doors.

In other than Group H occupancies, special purpose horizontal sliding, accordion or folding door assemblies permitted to be a component of a means of egress in accordance with Exception 6 to Section 1010.1.2.1 shall comply with all of the following criteria:

1. The doors shall be power operated and shall be capable of being operated manually in the event of power failure.

2. The doors shall be openable by a simple method from both sides without special knowledge or effort.

3. The force required to operate the door shall not exceed 30 pounds (133.4 N) to set the door in motion and 15 pounds (66.7 N) to close the door or open it to the minimum required width.

4. The door shall be openable with a force not to exceed 15 pounds (66.7 N) when a force of 250 pounds (1112 N) is applied perpendicular to the door adjacent to the operating device.

5. The door assembly shall comply with the applicable fire protection rating and, where rated, shall be self- or automatic closing by smoke detection in accordance with Section 716.5.9.3, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80 and shall comply with Section 716 of this code.

6. The door assembly shall have an integrated standby power supply.

7. The door assembly power supply shall be electrically supervised.

8. The door shall open to the minimum required width within 10 seconds after activation of the operating device.

9. The door shall not be provided with a latch or lock other than panic hardware or fire exit hardware complying with Section 1010.1.10.

1010.1.4.4 Security grilles.

In Groups B, M and S, horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles are permitted at the main entrance where the opening of such grilles are essential to the operation of the establishments. Such grilles shall be installed in accordance with the following criteria:

1. Security grilles shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort during periods that the space is occupied.

2. The security grilles shall remain secured in the full-open position during the period of occupancy by the general public.

3. Where two or more means of egress are required, not more than one-half of the exits or exit access doorways shall be equipped with horizontal sliding or vertical security grilles.

1010.1.5 Floor elevation.

There shall be a floor or landing on each side of a door. Such floor or landing shall be at the same elevation on each side of the door. Landings shall be level except for exterior landings, which are permitted to have a slope not to exceed 0.25 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (2-percent slope).

Exceptions:

1. Doors serving individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 where the following apply:

1.1. A door is permitted to open at the top step of an interior flight of stairs within the dwelling unit, provided the door does not swing over the top step.

1.2. Screen doors and storm doors are permitted to swing over stairs or landings.

2. Exterior doors as provided for in Section 1003.5, Exception 1, and Section 1022.2, which are not on an accessible route.

3. In Group R-3 occupancies not required to be Accessible units, Type B+NYC units or Type B units, the landing at an exterior doorway shall be not more than 7 3/4 inches (186.9 mm*) below the top of the threshold, provided the door, other than an exterior storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing.

4. Variations in elevation due to differences in finish materials, but not more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm).

5. Exterior spaces of Type B+NYC units and Type B units where permitted pursuant to the exception to Section 1107.4.

6. Doors serving equipment spaces not required to be accessible in accordance with Section 1103.2.9 and serving an occupant load of five or less shall be permitted to have a landing on one side to be not more than 7 inches (177.8 mm) above or below the landing on the egress side of the door.

1010.1.6 Landings at doors.

Landings shall have a width not less than the width of the stairway or the door, whichever is greater. Doors in the fully open position shall not reduce a required dimension by more than 7 inches (177.8 mm). At any stairway landing, or when a door landing serves an occupant load of 50 or more, doors in any position shall not reduce the landing to less than 75 percent of its required width. Landings shall have a length measured in the direction of travel of not less than 44 inches (1117.6 mm).

Exceptions:

1. Landing length in the direction of travel in Groups R-3 and U and within individual units of Group R-2 need not exceed 36 inches (914.4 mm).

2. In Group R-2 occupancies, where 36 inch wide stairways are permitted pursuant to Section 1011.2, Exception 1.2, such stairway landing length in the direction of travel shall be permitted to be not less than 36 inches (914.4 mm) or the width of the stairway, whichever is greater. Doors opening onto such stairway landings shall not reduce the landing width.

1010.1.7 Thresholds.

Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed 3/4 inch (19.1 mm) in height above the finished floor or landing for sliding doors serving dwelling units or 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) above the finished floor or landing for other doors. Raised thresholds and floor level changes greater than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) at doorways shall be beveled with a slope not greater than one unit vertical in two units horizontal (50-percent slope).

Exceptions:

1. In occupancy Group R-2 or R-3, threshold heights for sliding and side-hinged exterior doors shall be permitted to be up to 7 3/4 inches (196.9 mm) in height if all of the following apply:

1.1. The door is not part of the required means of egress.

1.2. The door is not part of an accessible route as required by Chapter 11.

1.3. The door is not part of an Accessible unit, Type B+NYC unit or Type B unit.

1.4. The exterior door, other than a storm or screen door, does not swing over the landing or step.

2. In Type B+NYC units and Type B units, where permitted pursuant to the exception to Section 1107.4, the threshold height on the exterior side of the door shall not exceed 4 3/4 inches (120.7 mm) in height above the exterior deck, patio or balcony for sliding doors or 4 1/2 inches (114.3 mm) above the exterior deck, patio or balcony for other doors.

1010.1.8 Door arrangement.

Space between two doors in a series shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum plus the width of a door swinging into the space. Doors in series shall swing either in the same direction or away from the space between the doors.

Exceptions:

1. The minimum distance between horizontal sliding power-operated doors in a series shall be 48 inches (1220 mm).

2. Storm and screen doors serving individual dwelling units in Groups R-2 and R-3 need not be spaced 48 inches (1220 mm) from the other door.

3. Doors within individual dwelling units in Group R-3.

4. Doors within individual dwelling units in Group R-2 that are not required to comply with Section 1107.

5. Exterior doors in vestibules in Group R-2 occupancies shall not be required to swing either in the same direction or away from the space between doors provided that the 48-inch (1220 mm) minimum space between door swings is maintained.

1010.1.9 Door operations.

Except as specifically permitted by this section egress doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.

1010.1.9.1 Hardware.

Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices on doors required to be accessible by Chapter 11 shall not require tight grasping, tight pinching or twisting of the wrist to operate.

1010.1.9.2 Hardware height.

Door handles, pulls, latches, locks and other operating devices shall be installed 34 inches (863.4 mm) minimum and 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum above the finished floor. Locks used only for security purposes and not used for normal operation are permitted at any height.

Exception: Access doors or gates in barrier walls and fences protecting pools, spas and hot tubs shall be permitted to have operable parts in compliance with Section 3109.4.2 or 3109.5.1.7, as applicable.

1010.1.9.3 Locks and latches.

Locks and latches shall be permitted to prevent operation of doors where any of the following exist:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. Places where extra safeguards are required such as banks, museums, and jewelry stores subject to the approval of the commissioner and provided the locks are equipped with electrical release devices for remote control in case of emergencies. However, museums shall be subject to further special review by the commissioner and Fire Commissioner.

3. Main entrances in Occupancy Groups B, M, and S as permitted by Section 1010.1.4.4.

4. Doors from individual dwelling or sleeping units of Group R occupancies having an occupant load of 10 or less are permitted to be equipped with a night latch, dead bolt or security chain, provided such devices are openable from the inside without the use of a key or tool.

5. Doors serving R-2 occupancies as required by Section 1010.4.

6. In educational occupancies classified in Occupancy Group B or E, and college or student dormitories in Group R-1, stairways leading from the top floor to a roof may be provided with locked wire mesh gates openable by key.

7. On roofs that are not intended to be accessed by occupants other than building maintenance personnel, the use of a hook and eye closing device or other similar non-self-locking devices on the stairway side of all doors openable without the use of a key or special knowledge to roofs shall be permitted.

8. Fire doors after the minimum elevated temperature has disabled the unlatching mechanism in accordance with listed fire door test procedures.

1010.1.9.4 Bolt locks.

Manually operated flush bolts or surface bolts are not permitted.

Exceptions:

1. On doors not required for egress in individual dwelling units or sleeping units.

2. Where a pair of doors serves a storage or equipment room, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf.

3. Where a pair of doors serves an occupant load of less than 75 persons in a Group B, F or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf. The inactive leaf shall not contain doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.

4. Where a pair of doors serves a Group B, F or S occupancy, manually operated edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf provided such inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress capacity requirements and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. The inactive leaf shall not contain doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.

5. Where a pair of doors serves patient care rooms in Group I-2 occupancies, self-latching edge- or surface-mounted bolts are permitted on the inactive leaf provided that the inactive leaf is not needed to meet egress capacity requirements and the inactive leaf shall not contain doorknobs, panic bars or similar operating hardware.

1010.1.9.5 Unlatching.

The unlatching of any door or leaf shall not require more than one operation.

Exception: More than one operation is permitted for unlatching doors in the following locations:

1. Places of detention or restraint.

2. Where manually operated bolt locks are permitted by Section 1010.1.9.4.

3. Doors from individual dwelling units and sleeping units of Group R occupancies as permitted by Section 1010.1.9.3, Items 4 and 5.

1010.1.9.5.1 Closet and bathroom doors in certain Group R occupancies.

In community residences or intermediate-care facilities classified as Group R-1, R-2 or R-3 occupancies pursuant to Section 308.3.2, Exception 1, 2 or 3, within such facilities, closet doors that latch in the closed position shall be openable from inside the closet, and bathroom doors that latch in the closed position shall be capable of being unlocked from the ingress side.

1010.1.9.6 Controlled egress doors in Groups I-1 and I-2.

Electric locking systems, including electro-mechanical locking systems and electromagnetic locking systems, shall be permitted to be locked in the means of egress in Group I-1 or I-2 occupancies where the clinical needs of persons receiving care require their containment. Controlled egress doors shall be permitted in such occupancies where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or an approved automatic smoke or heat detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors are installed and operate in accordance with all of the following:

1. The door locks shall unlock on actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire detection system.

2. The door locks shall unlock on loss of power controlling the lock or lock mechanism.

3. The door locking system shall be installed to have the capability of being unlocked by a switch located at the fire command center, a nursing station or other approved location. The switch shall directly break power to the lock.

4. A building occupant shall not be required to pass through more than one door equipped with a controlled egress locking system before entering an exit.

5. The procedures for unlocking the doors shall be described and approved as part of the emergency planning and preparedness required by the New York City Fire Code.

6. All clinical staff shall have the keys, codes or other means necessary to operate the locking systems.

7. Emergency lighting shall be provided at the door.

8. The door locking system units shall be listed in accordance with UL 294.

Exceptions:

1. Items 1 through 4 shall not apply to doors to areas occupied by persons who, because of clinical needs, require restraint or containment as part of the function of a psychiatric treatment area.

2. Items 1 through 4 shall not apply to doors to areas where a listed egress control system is utilized to reduce the risk of child abduction from nursery and obstetric areas of a Group I-2 hospital.

1010.1.9.7 Delayed egress locking systems.

Subject to special review and approval by the commissioner, approved, listed, delayed egress locking systems may be permitted on doors serving spaces where extra safeguards are required in buildings that are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or an approved automatic smoke or heat detection system installed in accordance with Section 907, provided that the doors unlock in accordance with Items 1 through 8 below.

1. The delay electronics of the delayed egress locking system shall deactivate upon actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire detection system, allowing immediate, free egress.

2. The delay electronics of the delayed egress locking system shall deactivate upon loss of power controlling the lock or lock mechanism, allowing immediate free egress.

3. The delayed egress locking system shall have the capability of being deactivated at the fire command center and other approved locations.

4. An attempt to egress shall initiate an irreversible process that shall allow such egress in not more than 15 seconds when a physical effort of 15 pounds (66.7 N) is applied to the egress side door hardware for not more than 3 seconds. Initiation of the irreversible process shall activate an audible signal in the vicinity of the door. Once the delay electronics have been deactivated, rearming the delay electronics shall be by manual means only. Except where approved by the department, a delay of not more than 30 seconds is permitted on a delayed egress door.

5. The egress path from any point shall not pass through more than one delayed egress locking system. Except where approved by the department, in Group I-2 or I-3 occupancies, the egress path from any point in the building shall pass through not more than two delayed egress locking systems provided the combined delay does not exceed 30 seconds.

6. A sign shall be provided on the door and shall be located above and within 12 inches (304.8 mm) of the door exit hardware. Except where approved by the department, in Group I occupancies, the installation of a sign is not required where care recipients who because of clinical needs require restraint or containment as part of the function of the treatment area.

6.1. For doors that swing in the direction of egress, the sign shall read: PUSH UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 SECONDS. Except where not more than 30 seconds is permitted on a delayed egress door is approved by the department, such sign shall read: PUSH UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 30 SECONDS.

6.2. For doors that swing in the opposite direction of egress, the sign shall read: PULL UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 15 SECONDS. Except where not more than 30 seconds is permitted on a delayed egress door is approved by the department, such sign shall read: PULL UNTIL ALARM SOUNDS. DOOR CAN BE OPENED IN 30 SECONDS.

6.3. The sign shall comply with the visual character requirements in ICC A117.1.

7. Emergency lighting shall be provided on the egress side of the door.

8. The delayed egress locking system units shall be listed in accordance with UL 294.

Exceptions:

1. Delayed egress locking systems shall not be permitted in buildings or spaces in Group A, E, F and H occupancies. However, in museums, delayed egress locks may be installed on exit doors subject to special review by the commissioner and Fire Commissioner.

2. Places of detention or restraints in Group I-3 are permitted to install delayed egress locking systems without the special review by the commissioner, provided that the installation complies with all of the other requirements of this section.

1010.1.9.8 Sensor release of electrically locked egress doors.

The electric locks on sensor released doors located in a means of egress in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 and entrance doors to tenant spaces in occupancies in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 are permitted where installed and operated in accordance with all of the following criteria:

1. The sensor shall be installed on the egress side, arranged to detect an occupant approaching the doors. The doors shall be arranged to unlock by a signal from or loss of power to the sensor.

2. Loss of power to the lock or locking system shall automatically unlock the doors.

3. The doors shall be arranged to unlock from a manual unlocking device located 40 inches to 48 inches (1016 mm to 1220 mm) vertically above the floor and within 5 feet (1524 mm) of the secured doors. Ready access shall be provided to the manual unlocking device and the device shall be clearly identified by a sign that reads "PUSH TO EXIT." When operated, the manual unlocking device shall result in direct interruption of power to the lock-independent of other electronics-and the doors shall remain unlocked for not less than 30 seconds.

4. Activation of the building fire alarm system, where provided, shall automatically unlock the doors, and the doors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has been reset.

5. Activation of the building automatic sprinkler system or fire detection system, where provided, shall automatically unlock the doors. The doors shall remain unlocked until the fire alarm system has been reset.

6. The door locking system units shall be listed in accordance with UL 294.

1010.1.9.9 Electromagnetically locked egress doors.

Doors in the means of egress in buildings with an occupancy in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 and doors to tenant spaces in Group A, B, E, M, R-1 or R-2 shall be permitted to be locked with an electromagnetic locking system where equipped with hardware that incorporates a built-in switch and where installed and operated in accordance with all of the following:

1. The hardware that is affixed to the door leaf has an obvious method of operation that is readily operated under all lighting conditions.

2. The hardware is capable of being operated with one hand.

3. Operation of the hardware directly interrupts the power to the electromagnetic lock and unlocks the door immediately.

4. Loss of power to the electromagnetic locking system automatically unlocks the door to permit egress.

5. Where panic or fire exit hardware is required by Section 1010.1.10, operation of the panic or fire exit hardware also releases the electromagnetic lock.

6. The locking system units shall be listed in accordance with UL 294.

1010.1.9.10 Locking arrangements in correctional facilities.

In occupancies in Groups A-2, A-3, A-4, B, E, F, I-2, I-3, M and S within correctional and detention facilities, doors in means of egress serving rooms or spaces occupied by persons whose movements are controlled for security reasons shall be permitted to be locked where equipped with egress control devices that shall unlock manually and by not less than one of the following means:

1. Activation of an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2. Activation of an approved manual fire alarm box.

3. A signal from a constantly attended location.

1010.1.9.11 Stairway doors.

Interior stairway means of egress doors shall be openable from both sides without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort.

Exceptions:

1. Stairway discharge doors shall be openable from the egress side and shall only be locked from the opposite side.

2. This section shall not apply to doors arranged in accordance with Section 403.5.3.

3. In stairways serving not more than four stories, doors are permitted to be locked from the side opposite the egress side, provided they are openable from the egress side and capable of being unlocked simultaneously without unlatching upon a signal from the fire command center, if present, or a signal by emergency personnel from a single location inside the main entrance to the building.

4. This section shall not apply to buildings permitted to be served by one exit in accordance with Item 5 or 6 of Section 1006.3.2.

5. In schools classified as Group E occupancies that require lockdown drills as per New York State Education Law 807, stairway egress doors from occupied spaces are permitted to be locked from the side opposite the egress side for the duration of the lockdown drill, provided that they are openable from the occupied side for egress and are unlocked upon directions from the school administrative personnel following the completion of the lockdown drill.

1010.1.10 Panic and fire exit hardware.

Doors serving the following shall not be provided with a latch or lock other than panic hardware or fire exit hardware:

1. Group H occupancies;

2. A room or space with an occupant load of 75 or more in a Group A or E occupancy;

3. A building or nonaccessory tenant space used for assembly purposes that is permitted to be classified as a Group B occupancy pursuant to Section 303.1.2; and

4. An accessory room or space used for assembly purposes where permitted to be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of the occupancy it is accessory to, pursuant to Section 303.1.3.

Exceptions:

1. A main exit of a Group A occupancy shall be permitted to be locking in accordance with Section 1010.1.9.3, Item 2.

2. Doors serving a Group A or E occupancy shall be permitted to be electromagnetically locked in accordance with Section 1010.1.9.9.

1010.1.10.1 Rooms with electrical equipment.

Exit or exit access doors serving transformer vaults, rooms designated for batteries or energy storage systems, or modular data centers shall be equipped with panic hardware or fire exit hardware. Where rooms contain electrical rooms with equipment rated 800 amperes or more that contain overcurrent devices, switching devices or control devices and where the exit or exit access door is less than 25 feet (7629 mm) from the equipment working space, shall be equipped with panic hardware or fire exit hardware. The doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel.

1010.1.10.2 Refrigeration machinery room.

Swinging doors in refrigeration machinery rooms, where required by Section 1006.2.2.3, shall not be provided with a latch or lock other than panic hardware or fire exit hardware.

1010.1.10.3 Installation.

Where panic or fire exit hardware is installed, it shall comply with the following:

1. Panic hardware shall be listed in accordance with UL 305.

2. Fire exit hardware shall be listed in accordance with UL 10C and UL 305.

3. The actuating portion of the releasing device shall extend not less than one-half of the door leaf width.

4. The maximum unlatching force shall not exceed 15 pounds (66.7 N).

1010.1.10.4 Balanced doors.

If balanced doors are used and panic hardware is required, the panic hardware shall be the push-pad type and the pad shall not extend more than one-half the width of the door measured from the latch side.

1010.2 Gates.

Gates serving the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Gates used as a component in a means of egress shall conform to the applicable requirements for doors.

Exception: Horizontal sliding or swinging gates exceeding the 4-foot (1220 mm) maximum leaf width limitation are permitted in fences and walls surrounding a stadium.

1010.2.1 Stadiums.

Panic hardware is not required on gates surrounding stadiums where such gates are under constant immediate supervision while the public is present, and where safe dispersal areas based on 3 square feet (0.28 m

2

) per occupant are located between the fence and enclosed space. Such required safe dispersal areas shall not be located less than 50 feet (15 240 mm) from the enclosed space. See Section 1028.5 for means of egress from safe dispersal areas.

1010.3 Turnstiles.

Turnstiles or similar devices that restrict travel to one direction shall not be placed so as to obstruct any required means of egress. Where portable turnstiles are installed for ticketing purposes, such turnstiles shall be moved from the egress path for proper exiting.

Exceptions:

1.

Manually-operated turnstiles. Manually-operated turnstiles that consist of revolving devices that turn freely in the direction of exit travel may be used in any occupancy where revolving doors are permitted. Each manually-operated turnstile or similar device shall be credited with no more than a 50-person capacity where all of the following provisions are met:

1.1. Each device shall turn free manually in the direction of egress travel when primary power is lost, and upon the manual release by an employee in the area.

1.2. Such devices are not given credit for more than 50 percent of the required egress capacity or width.

1.3. Each device is not more than 39 inches (990.6 mm) high.

1.4. Each device has not less than 16 1/2 inches (419.1 mm) clear width at and below a height of 39 inches (990.6 mm) and not less than 22 inches (558.8 mm) clear width at heights above 39 inches (990.6 mm).

1.5. Where located as part of an accessible route, turnstiles shall have not less than 36 inches (914.4 mm) clear at and below a height of 34 inches (863.4 mm), not less than 32 inches (812.8 mm) clear width between 34 inches (863.4 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) and shall consist of a mechanism other than a revolving device.

2.

Automatic turnstiles. Automatic turnstiles that consist of mechanisms other than revolving devices, and are operated by power, such as turnstiles with a photoelectric-actuated mechanism to open the turnstile upon the approach of a person, may be used in any occupancy where revolving doors are permitted. Automatic turnstiles may serve a means of egress system where all of the following provisions are met:

2.1. Each automatic turnstile shall have minimum widths sufficient for the occupant load served and shall provide at least 32 inches (812.8 mm) of clear width at and below a height of 80 inches (2032 mm).

2.2. The design shall be such that in the event of power failure, each automatic turnstile is capable of breaking away manually to permit means of egress travel. The force required to break away these turnstiles manually shall not exceed 13 pounds (57.8 N). The turnstile shall be capable of swinging from any position to the full, clear opening width of the turnstile when a force is applied to the turnstile on the side from which egress is made.

2.3. Each automatic turnstile shall be operable from the egress side without special knowledge or effort.

2.4. Each automatic turnstile shall be connected to the building fire alarm system. Activation of the building fire alarm system shall automatically release each such turnstile to its full, clear opening width, and each such turnstile shall remain in its open position until the fire alarm system has been reset.

2.5. Each automatic turnstile shall, upon actuation of a manual release device, automatically open to its full, clear opening width, and shall remain in its open position until the automatic turnstile's access control system is reset. The manual release device shall be clearly identified with ready access that results in direct interruption of power to each turnstile. The manual release device shall be positioned at the fire command center or, if a fire command center is not required, at an approved location near the building entrance where the automatic turnstiles are located.

2.6. Each automatic turnstile shall have an integrated emergency power supply.

2.7. Each automatic turnstile power supply shall be electrically supervised.

2.8. Turnstiles provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than the egress capacity required by this code shall meet the requirements of this section.

2.9. Where located as part of an accessible route, such turnstiles shall have at least 36 inches (914.4 mm) clear width at and below a height of 34 inches (863.4 mm), at least 32 inches (812.8 mm) clear width between 34 inches (863.4 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm).

1010.3.1 High turnstile.

Turnstiles more than 39 inches (990.6 mm) high shall meet the requirements for revolving doors.

1010.3.2 Additional door.

Where serving an occupant load greater than 300, each manually-operated turnstile and automatic turnstile that is not portable shall have a side-hinged swinging door that conforms to Section 1010.1 within 50 feet (15 240 mm).

1010.4 Security requirements for doors and windows.

The provisions of Sections 1010.4.1 through 1010.4.4 shall apply to Group R-2 occupancies.

1010.4.1 Entrance doors.

Building entrance doors and other exterior exit doors shall be equipped with heavy duty lock sets with auxiliary latch bolts to prevent the latch from being manipulated by means other than a key. Latch sets shall have stop-work in the inside cylinder controlled by a master key only. Outside cylinders of main entrance door locks shall be operated by the tenants' key, which shall not be keyed to also open the tenants' apartment door. A light or lights shall be provided at or near the outside of the front entranceway of the building providing not less than 5-footcandles (53.82 lux) intensity measured at the floor level for the full width of the entranceway.

1010.4.2 Doors to dwelling units.

Doors to dwelling units shall be equipped with a heavy duty latch set and a heavy duty dead bolt operable by a key from the outside and a thumb-turn from the inside. Those doors shall also be equipped with a chain guard so as to permit partial opening of the door. Dwelling unit entrance doors shall also be equipped with a viewing device located so as to enable a person on the inside of the entrance door to view a person immediately outside.

1010.4.3 Windows.

All openable windows shall be equipped with sash locks designed to be openable from the inside only. Grilles lockable from the inside only may be placed on the inside or outside of windows that are accessible from grade but that do not serve to provide access to exits.

1010.4.4 Intercommunication system.

Buildings containing eight or more dwelling units shall be provided with an intercommunication system located at the door giving access to the main entrance lobby, consisting of a device or devices for voice communication between the occupant of each dwelling unit and a person outside the door to the main entrance lobby, and permitting such dwelling unit occupant to release the locking mechanism of said door from the dwelling unit. In buildings provided with a full-time lobby attendant, the intercommunication system may be between each dwelling unit and the attendant's station.