42 U.S.C. § 1320d–8: Processing payment transactions by financial institutions

To the extent that an entity is engaged in activities of a financial institution (as defined in section 3401 of title 12), or is engaged in authorizing, processing, clearing, settling, billing, transferring, reconciling, or collecting payments, for a financial institution, this part, and any standard adopted under this part, shall not apply to the entity with respect to such activities, including the following:(1) The use or disclosure of information by the entity for authorizing, processing, clearing, settling, billing, transferring, reconciling or collecting, a payment for, or related to, health plan premiums or health care, where such payment is made by any means, including a credit, debit, or other payment card, an account, check, or electronic funds transfer. (2) The request for, or the use or disclosure of, information by the entity with respect to a payment described in paragraph (1)—(A) for transferring receivables; (B) for auditing; (C) in connection with—(i) a customer dispute; or (ii) an inquiry from, or to, a customer; (D) in a communication to a customer of the entity regarding the customer’s transactions, payment card, account, check, or electronic funds transfer; (E) for reporting to consumer reporting agencies; or (F) for complying with—(i) a civil or criminal subpoena; or (ii) a Federal or State law regulating the entity.